,
abbreviations
to
the most considerable is: 1.
the most considerable is: 1.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
802.
In
learned man, showed great respect for scholars 1770 G. B. von Schirach published from a manu-
(ib. 615). llis maternal grandmother was of a script formerly at Augsburg, now at Munich, the
Basque or Iberian family. The earlier part of his whole of the Antehomerica, with the exception of
life he spent with his brother Isaac 'at home, where about one hundred and seventy lincs, a portion of
they received various wholesome precepts from their the Homerica, and the fragment of the Postho-
father, urging them to prefer learning to riches, merica which had been published by Dodwell.
power, or precedence. (Chil
. iii. 157, iv. 566, &c. ) The missing portion of the Antehomerica, together
At the age of fifteen he was placed under the in- with the whole of the Posthomerica, was found in
struction of tutors, who not only carried him a manuscript at Vienna by T. C. Tychsen, who
through the usual routine of study, but taught him sent a copy of it to F. Jacobs. A copy of a manu-
Hebrew and Syriac (comp. Chil. vi. 282). His script of the Homerica was obtained from England,
writings bear evident traces of the extent of his and a complete edition of the three poems was
acquirements in literature, science, and philosophy, published by Jacobs in 1793, with a commentary.
and not less of the inordinate self-conceit with A more correct edition is that of Immanuel Bekker
which they had filled him. He boasts of having (Berlin, 1816). 2. Another extensive work of
the best memory of any living man. (Chil. i. 275, Tzetzes is that known by the name of Chiliades,
545. ) He styles himself a second Cato or Pala- consisting in its present form of 12,661 lines. The
medes (iii. 160); and says that he knows whole name Chiliades was given to it by the first editor,
books off by heart (x. 681, comp. vi. 407, 475, Nic. Gerbelius, who divided it, without reference
viii. 182, ix. 752, x. 340, 364, xii. 13, 118, kad to the contents, into thirteen divisions of 1000
όσα άλλα έτερα εθέλοι τις μανθάνειν, ει από | lines, the last being incomplete. Tzetzes himself
στήθους οίδαμεν λέγειν πειράσθω). Another sub- | called it βίβλος ιστορική, and divided it into three
ject on which he glorifies himself is the rapidity rivakes, as he termed them; the first of which
with which he could write, comparing it to the contains one hundred and forty-one narrations, and
speed of lightning (xii. 119, viii. 269, 526, kai ends at Chil. iv. l. 466. Hereupon follows an
voel to otúratov Ts TCét (ou Slavolas). He talks cpistle to one Joannes Lachanes, in which the
of T(ETCiràs èpeóvas, as models of investigation, contents of the first table are repeated and accom-
ev alonep ń årñdeia ék xáovs åvatpéxel (xii. 75, panied with moral observations. The second
126). It is not much to be wondered at that Tivat extends from Chil. iv. 1. 781 to Chil. v. 192,
others had not so exalted an opinion of him as he and contains twenty-three narratives. The third
had of himself (xii. 97). The neglect of his fellow- contains four hundred aud ninety-six stories. It
countrymen even excites in him the fear that Con consists of six hundred and sixty chapters or divi-
stantinople would be given up to the barbarians, sions, sa arated into three masses. Its subject-
and become itself barbarous (xii. 993, &c. ). He mattan of the most miscellaneous kind, but em-
complains with bitterness that the princes and great braces chiefly mythological and historical narra-
men of his age did not appreciate his merits, but tives, arranged under separate titles, and without
left hins to get a livelihood by transcribing and any further connection. The following are a few
selling his writings, of which they nevertheless of them, as they occur: Croesus, Midas, Gyges,
expected copies to be sent them gratis (v. 941, Codrus, Alcmaeon, the sons of Boreas, Euphorbus,
comp. ix. 369). He speaks of Irene Augusta as Narcissus, Nireus, Hyacinthus, Orpheus, Amphion,
the only person of high station from whom he had the Sirens, Marsyas, Terpander, Arion, the golden
received any thing (xi. 48), and even in this in- lamb of Atreus, the bull of Minos, the dog of
stance be complains that the sums promised him Cephalus, Megacles, Cimon, Aristopatira, the
for his Homeric Allegories were kept back by victories of Simonides, Stesichorus, Tyrtaeus, Han-
those who should have paid him (ix. 282, &c. ). nibal, Bucephalus, the clothes of the Sybarite An-
Further biographical particulars have not come tisthenes, Xerxes, Cleopatra, the Pharos at Alex-
down to us.
andria, Trajanus and his bridge over the Danube,
A large part of the voluminous writings of Archimedes, Hercules, &c.
Tzetzes is still extant. The following have been It is an uncritical gossiping book, written in bad
published. 1. 'Illand. This consists properly of Greek in that abominable make-believe of a metre,
three poems, collected in one under the titles Tà called political verse (ňuateuuévoi otiyos, Chil. ix.
προ Ομήρου, τα Ομήρου, και τα μεθ' “Ομηρον. 283), of which the following is a sample :-
The first contains the whole liac cyclus, from the | οίδας δε πάντως ακριβώς πως πάσαν οιδα βίβλον
birth of Paris to the tenth year of the siege, when | εκ στήθους τε και στόματος ούτως ετοίμως λέγειν,
the Iliad begins. The second consists of an abridg-| ουδέ γάρ μνημονέστερον του Τζέτζου θεός άλλον
ment of the Iliad. The third, like the work of työpa TWv apiv te kal TV vûv egeonner ev bių.
Quintus Smyrnaeus, is devoted to the occurrences
(Chil. i. 275. )
which took place between the death of Hector and
the return of the Greeks. The whole amounts to It is followed by an appendix, in iambics, and some
1676 lines, and is written in hexameter metre. It prose epistles. It contains, however, a great deal
is a very dull composition, all the merits that are of curious and valuable information, though, as
to be found in which should be ascribed to the Heyne has shown, the bulk of it was obtained by
earlier poets from whom Tzetzes derived his mate. Tzetzes at second hand. Fabricius (Bibl. Graec.
rials. Our knowledge of this composition is of xi. p. 243, &c. ) has a list of above 400 writers
compartively recent date. A fragment of one hun. I quoted by Tzetzes in this work. The author ap-
## p. 1201 (#1217) ##########################################
TZETZES
1201
VACCA.
AUG.
pears to have contemplated a series of snch pro- , which contain apparently the older edition of Isanc,
ductions, of which this was only the "Alpa. Va- others the improved edition of Joannes, the ad-
rious appendices or scholia to it, and a collection of ditions exhibiting not only the learning, but the
107 prose epistles are yet unpublished. The first arrogant self-complacency
of Joannes. The latter
edition of this work was published by Gerbelius in moreover does tell us that his brother Isaac wrote
1546. The best edition is that of Kiessling (Lips. a commentary on Lycophron (Schol. ad Hesiod.
1826), though much still requires correction and Proleg. kal rom duco è adea 09 (KTenómta alas
supplementation (see Struve, Veber den politischen Kántota kal pilotiuótata Tepi TOÚTOV év T Toll
Vers der Mittelgriechen, 1828, and in the Krit. Aukoopovos Enyhoed; comp. Chil. viii. 486). The
Biblioth. 1827, 3. p. 241, &c. ; comp. Dübner, in commentary is printed in several of the editions of
the Rhein. Mus. iv. 1). Some insignificant scholia Lycophron, as in that printed at Basel, 1546 ; in
on the Chiliades by 'Tzetzes are published in Cra- those of Canter (Basel, 1566), Stephanus (1601),
mer's Anecdota. Oxon. (iii. 350, &c. ). 3. An Potter (Oxon. 1697), Owen (Oxon. 1702), Se.
iambic poem on the education of children is printed bastiani (Rome, 1803). The best edition of the
in the editions of the Chiliades. 4. A series of commentary, without the text of Lycophron, is
mythical and epic narratives, in 777 political lines, that by Müller (Leipzig, 1811). (C. P. M. ]
entitled geoyorla, was discovered by Iinmanuel Bek-
ker, and published in the Abhandlungen der Preus.
sischen Akademie, 1840. 5. A versified treatise
U. V.
περί μέτρων, and another περί διαφοράς ποιητών
(Cramer, Anecd. Occon. iv. 302, &c. ; Welcker, VABALATHUS. Vopiscus, in his life ut Au-
Rhein. Mus. iv. 393, &c. ; Meineke, Com. Gr. ii. relian (c. 38), asserts that Zenobia assumed the
p. 1245-1254, v. p. 3). 6. An equally worthless purple as regent for her son Balbutus (al. leg.
poem or collection of verses, repl Ilivdapika Babalatus), and not in the name of Herennianus
Métpwv (Cramer, Anecd. Paris. i. 59–162). 7. and Timolaus, which is the statement of Trebellius
Some versified scholia on Hermogenes (Cramer, Pollio (Trig. Tyrann. xxix. ). It is certain that
Anecd. Oxon. iv. p. 1–148). 8. Lines repl Anuá- we find no trace of either Herennianus or Timolaus
Twv aŭOutOTÁKTWv (Bekker, Anecd. vol. iii. p. on medals, while a few are extant, both Greek
1088—1090). 9. An dghymous on the Iliad of and Roman, which exhibit IMP. C. VABALATHUS
Homer ; published by G. Hermann, together with or ATT. OTABAMAAOOC. CEB, with the
the work of Draco of Stratonicea, on metres (Leip- effigy and titles of Aurelian on the reverse. But
zig, 1812). 10. Scholia on Hesiod, printed in the several of these bear words or characters, in addi-
editions of Hesiod by Trincavelli (Venice, 1537), tion to those given above, which have proved a
and Heinsius (Leyden, 1603).
source of much embarrassment. Thus, on one we
Of the unpublished works of Joannes Tzetzes, find VABALATHUS. VCRIMDR.
, abbreviations to
the most considerable is: 1. The Homeric Alles which no archaeologist has been able to supply a
gories (Umbdeois Toû 'Ouhpov aranyopnoeioa, or satisfactory interpretation ; on others,
Meráppaois 'Ouhpov), consisting of some 6000 po ATT. CPQIAC. OTABAWAOOC. AOHNOT. or,
litical lines. Tzetzes mentions this work in the A. CPIAC. OYABAΛΛAΘOC. ΑΘΗΝΥ. or,
Chiliades (v. 7, 776, ix. 282, &c. ). Besides this ΑΥΤ. Κ. ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛAΘOC. AΘHNO. CEB,
there are, 2. Scholia on the Halieutica of Oppian. | in which AOHNOT, &c. , is supposed to stand for
3. Expositio Isagoges, seu Libri de V. Vocibus Por- 'Aonyodwpov vios, while Sroias or Srias may be a
phyrii, in political verses. 4. An epitome of the sort of praenomen. Finally, there is a raro coin
rhetoric of Hermogenes, in political verses. 5. 10- displaying on the obverse two laurelled heads, one
glouar Bleros (comp. Chil
. xi. 361). 6. A col- of a bearded man, the other of a smooth-faced boy,
lection of 107 letters (see above). 7. A treatise on with the legend ATPHAIANOC. AOHNOANPOC.
the Canon of Ptolemy. 8. Various short pieces, It would be tedious and unprofitable to enumerate
epigrams, &c. For an account of the manuscripts the various theories proposed to solve the problems
in which these are found the reader is referred to suggested by these pieces. The only conclusion we
Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 215, &c. , comp. i. can safely form is, that Sroias, Vabalathus, and
403, &c. vi. 352. (Schöll, Geschichte der Griech. Athenodorus were princes of Palmyra, connected
Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 84, &c. ; Bernhardy, Grun- with Odenathus and Zenobia, but in what relation
driss der Griechischen Litteratur, vol. ii. p. 1070. ) they stood to them and to each other, has never
2. ISAAC (ʻloadrios TCT (ns), brother of the been determined.
(W. R. ]
preceding, is named in the manuscripts as the
author of the commentary on the Cassandra of Ly-
cophron. It appears however from passages in his
works, that Joannes Tzetzes claimed it as his pro-
duction (Chil. ix. hist. 298 ; comp. Schol. ad Ly-
cophr. 83). The same claim is made in a letter of
Joannes Tzetzes to the Protonotarius Basilius
Achridenus, printed in Fabricius, vol. iii. p. 753,
and in Küster's Suidas, s. v. Auroopwv. In Chil.
viii. hist. 204, Joannes says that some other gram-
marian attempted to set up a claim to be the author VACCA, FLAMI'NIUS, a Roman sculptor,
of the commentary, but was speedily detected. of whom all that is known is contained in the
The last editor, J. C. Müller, is of opinion that following inscription : D. 0. M. FLAMINIO VACCAB
Isaac Tzetzes first published a commentary on Ly- SCULPTORI ROMANO QUI IN OPERIBUS QUAE
cophron, and that Joannes Tzetzes subsequently FECIT NUNQUAM SIBI SATISFECIT. (Montfaucon,
published an enlarged and improved edition of it. Diar. Ital. p. 105 ; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1848,
Of this he finds traces in the manuscripts, some of | vol. vi. p. 383. )
[P. S. ]
PHVS
VERIM
AURE
Con
MS. AV
COIN OF VABALATHUS.
VOL. ILL.
4 H
## p. 1202 (#1218) ##########################################
1202
VALENS.
VALENS.
VACCUS, M. VITRUʻVIUS, a citizen of fearing him as a rival, and hating him as a private
Fundi, was the leader of the revolt of the Fundani foe, despatched an emissary [Piso, No. 33), to put
and Privernates against Rome in B. C. 330. He him to death. Valens, upon receiving intelligence of
was a man of considerable reputation both in his this design, conceived that he might best avoid the
own state and also at Rome, where he had a house threatened danger by assuming the purple. Ac-
on the Palatine. The consul L. Plautius Venno cordingly he was proclaimed emperor, and was
was sent to quell the revolt, which he effected soon after murdered by his soldiers. (Trebell.
without difficulty. On the capture of Privernum, Poll. Trig. Tyrann. xviii. )
(W. R. )
Vaccus fell into the consul's hands, and was put to VALENS, the maternal granduncle or uncle of
death after his triumph. His property was con- the preceding, rebelled in Illyria during the reign
fiscated to the state, his house on the Palatine de. of Gallienus, and perished after having held sway
stroyed, and the site on which it stood was ever for a few days. He also, as well as his nephew, is
after called the Vacci Prata. (Liv, viii. 19, 20 ; pressed into the list of the thirty tyrants by Pollio.
Cic. pro Dom. 38. )
(Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyrann. xix. ) (W. R. )
VACU'NA, a Sabine divinity identical with VALENS, emperor of the East A. D. 364—378,
Victoria. She had an ancient sanctuary near the brother of Valentinian (VALENTINIANUS I. ),
Horace's villa at Tibur, and another at Rome. was born about A. D. 328. The name of his wife
The Romans however derived the name from Va- was Albia Dominica, by whom he had a son and
cuus, and said that she was a divinity to whom two daughters. Under Julian he was one of the
the country people offered sacrifices when the la- Domestici. He was made emperor of the East by
bours of the field were over, that is, when they his brother on the 28th of March a. D. 364, as is
were at leisure, vacui. (Schol. ad llorat. Epist. told in the article VALENTINIANUS.
i. 10. 49; Ov. Fast. vi. 307; Plin. H. N. ii. 17. ) Valens had in his service the Prefect Sallustius,
From the Scholiast on Horace, we also learn that and the generals Lupicinus, Victor, and Arinthaeus.
some identified her with Diana, Ceres, Venus, or By a constitution of the 16th of December of this
Minerva.
(L. S. ) year, he forbade the practice of giving presents to
VALA, NUMONIUS. 1. C. NomoNIus those who carried to the provinces important news,
Vala, known only from coins, from which it ap- such as the accession of an emperor or his assump-
pears that he had obtained renown by storming a tion of the consulship: he allowed the carriers of
vallum, and had hence obtained the surname of such news to receive the presents which persons of
Vala, which, according to the usual custom, be- property or condition might choose to give, but not
came hereditary in his family. The coins were to exact anything from those who were not in easy
struck by one of his descendants in commemoration circumstances. The Goths are spoken of as baving
of the exploit. The one annexed has on the ob- made their appearance in Thrace in this year, but
verse the head of Numonius, with C. NVMONIVS they were induced to retire, probably by money.
Vaala, and on the reverse a man storming the Valens left Constantinople in the spring of a. D.
vallum of a camp, which is defended by two others, 365, for Asia Minor, and he was at Caesarea in
with VAALA. Vaala is an ancient form of Vala, Cappadocia in the month of July, when the great
just as on the coins of Sulla we find Feelix instead earthquake happened, which shook all the country
of Felix. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 263. )
round the Mediterranean. The revolt of Procopius
for a time rendered the throne of Valens insecure.
Procopius assumed the imperial title at Constan-
tinople, on the 28th of September, A. D. 365, and
Valens received the intelligence as he was going to
leave Caesarea. (PROCOPIUS). After the death
of Procopius, A. D. 366, Valens treated the partisans
of the rebel with great clemency according to
VAALA
Themistius ; but Ammianus and Zosimus say that
he punished many innocent persons. The fact of
some persons being punished is certain : the nature
and degree of their participation in the revolt may
2. NUMONIUS VALA, to whom Horace addresses be doubtful. The emperor had sworn to demolish
one of his Epistles (i.
learned man, showed great respect for scholars 1770 G. B. von Schirach published from a manu-
(ib. 615). llis maternal grandmother was of a script formerly at Augsburg, now at Munich, the
Basque or Iberian family. The earlier part of his whole of the Antehomerica, with the exception of
life he spent with his brother Isaac 'at home, where about one hundred and seventy lincs, a portion of
they received various wholesome precepts from their the Homerica, and the fragment of the Postho-
father, urging them to prefer learning to riches, merica which had been published by Dodwell.
power, or precedence. (Chil
. iii. 157, iv. 566, &c. ) The missing portion of the Antehomerica, together
At the age of fifteen he was placed under the in- with the whole of the Posthomerica, was found in
struction of tutors, who not only carried him a manuscript at Vienna by T. C. Tychsen, who
through the usual routine of study, but taught him sent a copy of it to F. Jacobs. A copy of a manu-
Hebrew and Syriac (comp. Chil. vi. 282). His script of the Homerica was obtained from England,
writings bear evident traces of the extent of his and a complete edition of the three poems was
acquirements in literature, science, and philosophy, published by Jacobs in 1793, with a commentary.
and not less of the inordinate self-conceit with A more correct edition is that of Immanuel Bekker
which they had filled him. He boasts of having (Berlin, 1816). 2. Another extensive work of
the best memory of any living man. (Chil. i. 275, Tzetzes is that known by the name of Chiliades,
545. ) He styles himself a second Cato or Pala- consisting in its present form of 12,661 lines. The
medes (iii. 160); and says that he knows whole name Chiliades was given to it by the first editor,
books off by heart (x. 681, comp. vi. 407, 475, Nic. Gerbelius, who divided it, without reference
viii. 182, ix. 752, x. 340, 364, xii. 13, 118, kad to the contents, into thirteen divisions of 1000
όσα άλλα έτερα εθέλοι τις μανθάνειν, ει από | lines, the last being incomplete. Tzetzes himself
στήθους οίδαμεν λέγειν πειράσθω). Another sub- | called it βίβλος ιστορική, and divided it into three
ject on which he glorifies himself is the rapidity rivakes, as he termed them; the first of which
with which he could write, comparing it to the contains one hundred and forty-one narrations, and
speed of lightning (xii. 119, viii. 269, 526, kai ends at Chil. iv. l. 466. Hereupon follows an
voel to otúratov Ts TCét (ou Slavolas). He talks cpistle to one Joannes Lachanes, in which the
of T(ETCiràs èpeóvas, as models of investigation, contents of the first table are repeated and accom-
ev alonep ń årñdeia ék xáovs åvatpéxel (xii. 75, panied with moral observations. The second
126). It is not much to be wondered at that Tivat extends from Chil. iv. 1. 781 to Chil. v. 192,
others had not so exalted an opinion of him as he and contains twenty-three narratives. The third
had of himself (xii. 97). The neglect of his fellow- contains four hundred aud ninety-six stories. It
countrymen even excites in him the fear that Con consists of six hundred and sixty chapters or divi-
stantinople would be given up to the barbarians, sions, sa arated into three masses. Its subject-
and become itself barbarous (xii. 993, &c. ). He mattan of the most miscellaneous kind, but em-
complains with bitterness that the princes and great braces chiefly mythological and historical narra-
men of his age did not appreciate his merits, but tives, arranged under separate titles, and without
left hins to get a livelihood by transcribing and any further connection. The following are a few
selling his writings, of which they nevertheless of them, as they occur: Croesus, Midas, Gyges,
expected copies to be sent them gratis (v. 941, Codrus, Alcmaeon, the sons of Boreas, Euphorbus,
comp. ix. 369). He speaks of Irene Augusta as Narcissus, Nireus, Hyacinthus, Orpheus, Amphion,
the only person of high station from whom he had the Sirens, Marsyas, Terpander, Arion, the golden
received any thing (xi. 48), and even in this in- lamb of Atreus, the bull of Minos, the dog of
stance be complains that the sums promised him Cephalus, Megacles, Cimon, Aristopatira, the
for his Homeric Allegories were kept back by victories of Simonides, Stesichorus, Tyrtaeus, Han-
those who should have paid him (ix. 282, &c. ). nibal, Bucephalus, the clothes of the Sybarite An-
Further biographical particulars have not come tisthenes, Xerxes, Cleopatra, the Pharos at Alex-
down to us.
andria, Trajanus and his bridge over the Danube,
A large part of the voluminous writings of Archimedes, Hercules, &c.
Tzetzes is still extant. The following have been It is an uncritical gossiping book, written in bad
published. 1. 'Illand. This consists properly of Greek in that abominable make-believe of a metre,
three poems, collected in one under the titles Tà called political verse (ňuateuuévoi otiyos, Chil. ix.
προ Ομήρου, τα Ομήρου, και τα μεθ' “Ομηρον. 283), of which the following is a sample :-
The first contains the whole liac cyclus, from the | οίδας δε πάντως ακριβώς πως πάσαν οιδα βίβλον
birth of Paris to the tenth year of the siege, when | εκ στήθους τε και στόματος ούτως ετοίμως λέγειν,
the Iliad begins. The second consists of an abridg-| ουδέ γάρ μνημονέστερον του Τζέτζου θεός άλλον
ment of the Iliad. The third, like the work of työpa TWv apiv te kal TV vûv egeonner ev bių.
Quintus Smyrnaeus, is devoted to the occurrences
(Chil. i. 275. )
which took place between the death of Hector and
the return of the Greeks. The whole amounts to It is followed by an appendix, in iambics, and some
1676 lines, and is written in hexameter metre. It prose epistles. It contains, however, a great deal
is a very dull composition, all the merits that are of curious and valuable information, though, as
to be found in which should be ascribed to the Heyne has shown, the bulk of it was obtained by
earlier poets from whom Tzetzes derived his mate. Tzetzes at second hand. Fabricius (Bibl. Graec.
rials. Our knowledge of this composition is of xi. p. 243, &c. ) has a list of above 400 writers
compartively recent date. A fragment of one hun. I quoted by Tzetzes in this work. The author ap-
## p. 1201 (#1217) ##########################################
TZETZES
1201
VACCA.
AUG.
pears to have contemplated a series of snch pro- , which contain apparently the older edition of Isanc,
ductions, of which this was only the "Alpa. Va- others the improved edition of Joannes, the ad-
rious appendices or scholia to it, and a collection of ditions exhibiting not only the learning, but the
107 prose epistles are yet unpublished. The first arrogant self-complacency
of Joannes. The latter
edition of this work was published by Gerbelius in moreover does tell us that his brother Isaac wrote
1546. The best edition is that of Kiessling (Lips. a commentary on Lycophron (Schol. ad Hesiod.
1826), though much still requires correction and Proleg. kal rom duco è adea 09 (KTenómta alas
supplementation (see Struve, Veber den politischen Kántota kal pilotiuótata Tepi TOÚTOV év T Toll
Vers der Mittelgriechen, 1828, and in the Krit. Aukoopovos Enyhoed; comp. Chil. viii. 486). The
Biblioth. 1827, 3. p. 241, &c. ; comp. Dübner, in commentary is printed in several of the editions of
the Rhein. Mus. iv. 1). Some insignificant scholia Lycophron, as in that printed at Basel, 1546 ; in
on the Chiliades by 'Tzetzes are published in Cra- those of Canter (Basel, 1566), Stephanus (1601),
mer's Anecdota. Oxon. (iii. 350, &c. ). 3. An Potter (Oxon. 1697), Owen (Oxon. 1702), Se.
iambic poem on the education of children is printed bastiani (Rome, 1803). The best edition of the
in the editions of the Chiliades. 4. A series of commentary, without the text of Lycophron, is
mythical and epic narratives, in 777 political lines, that by Müller (Leipzig, 1811). (C. P. M. ]
entitled geoyorla, was discovered by Iinmanuel Bek-
ker, and published in the Abhandlungen der Preus.
sischen Akademie, 1840. 5. A versified treatise
U. V.
περί μέτρων, and another περί διαφοράς ποιητών
(Cramer, Anecd. Occon. iv. 302, &c. ; Welcker, VABALATHUS. Vopiscus, in his life ut Au-
Rhein. Mus. iv. 393, &c. ; Meineke, Com. Gr. ii. relian (c. 38), asserts that Zenobia assumed the
p. 1245-1254, v. p. 3). 6. An equally worthless purple as regent for her son Balbutus (al. leg.
poem or collection of verses, repl Ilivdapika Babalatus), and not in the name of Herennianus
Métpwv (Cramer, Anecd. Paris. i. 59–162). 7. and Timolaus, which is the statement of Trebellius
Some versified scholia on Hermogenes (Cramer, Pollio (Trig. Tyrann. xxix. ). It is certain that
Anecd. Oxon. iv. p. 1–148). 8. Lines repl Anuá- we find no trace of either Herennianus or Timolaus
Twv aŭOutOTÁKTWv (Bekker, Anecd. vol. iii. p. on medals, while a few are extant, both Greek
1088—1090). 9. An dghymous on the Iliad of and Roman, which exhibit IMP. C. VABALATHUS
Homer ; published by G. Hermann, together with or ATT. OTABAMAAOOC. CEB, with the
the work of Draco of Stratonicea, on metres (Leip- effigy and titles of Aurelian on the reverse. But
zig, 1812). 10. Scholia on Hesiod, printed in the several of these bear words or characters, in addi-
editions of Hesiod by Trincavelli (Venice, 1537), tion to those given above, which have proved a
and Heinsius (Leyden, 1603).
source of much embarrassment. Thus, on one we
Of the unpublished works of Joannes Tzetzes, find VABALATHUS. VCRIMDR.
, abbreviations to
the most considerable is: 1. The Homeric Alles which no archaeologist has been able to supply a
gories (Umbdeois Toû 'Ouhpov aranyopnoeioa, or satisfactory interpretation ; on others,
Meráppaois 'Ouhpov), consisting of some 6000 po ATT. CPQIAC. OTABAWAOOC. AOHNOT. or,
litical lines. Tzetzes mentions this work in the A. CPIAC. OYABAΛΛAΘOC. ΑΘΗΝΥ. or,
Chiliades (v. 7, 776, ix. 282, &c. ). Besides this ΑΥΤ. Κ. ΟΥΑΒΑΛΛAΘOC. AΘHNO. CEB,
there are, 2. Scholia on the Halieutica of Oppian. | in which AOHNOT, &c. , is supposed to stand for
3. Expositio Isagoges, seu Libri de V. Vocibus Por- 'Aonyodwpov vios, while Sroias or Srias may be a
phyrii, in political verses. 4. An epitome of the sort of praenomen. Finally, there is a raro coin
rhetoric of Hermogenes, in political verses. 5. 10- displaying on the obverse two laurelled heads, one
glouar Bleros (comp. Chil
. xi. 361). 6. A col- of a bearded man, the other of a smooth-faced boy,
lection of 107 letters (see above). 7. A treatise on with the legend ATPHAIANOC. AOHNOANPOC.
the Canon of Ptolemy. 8. Various short pieces, It would be tedious and unprofitable to enumerate
epigrams, &c. For an account of the manuscripts the various theories proposed to solve the problems
in which these are found the reader is referred to suggested by these pieces. The only conclusion we
Fabricius, Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 215, &c. , comp. i. can safely form is, that Sroias, Vabalathus, and
403, &c. vi. 352. (Schöll, Geschichte der Griech. Athenodorus were princes of Palmyra, connected
Litteratur, vol. iii. p. 84, &c. ; Bernhardy, Grun- with Odenathus and Zenobia, but in what relation
driss der Griechischen Litteratur, vol. ii. p. 1070. ) they stood to them and to each other, has never
2. ISAAC (ʻloadrios TCT (ns), brother of the been determined.
(W. R. ]
preceding, is named in the manuscripts as the
author of the commentary on the Cassandra of Ly-
cophron. It appears however from passages in his
works, that Joannes Tzetzes claimed it as his pro-
duction (Chil. ix. hist. 298 ; comp. Schol. ad Ly-
cophr. 83). The same claim is made in a letter of
Joannes Tzetzes to the Protonotarius Basilius
Achridenus, printed in Fabricius, vol. iii. p. 753,
and in Küster's Suidas, s. v. Auroopwv. In Chil.
viii. hist. 204, Joannes says that some other gram-
marian attempted to set up a claim to be the author VACCA, FLAMI'NIUS, a Roman sculptor,
of the commentary, but was speedily detected. of whom all that is known is contained in the
The last editor, J. C. Müller, is of opinion that following inscription : D. 0. M. FLAMINIO VACCAB
Isaac Tzetzes first published a commentary on Ly- SCULPTORI ROMANO QUI IN OPERIBUS QUAE
cophron, and that Joannes Tzetzes subsequently FECIT NUNQUAM SIBI SATISFECIT. (Montfaucon,
published an enlarged and improved edition of it. Diar. Ital. p. 105 ; Welcker, Rhein. Mus. 1848,
Of this he finds traces in the manuscripts, some of | vol. vi. p. 383. )
[P. S. ]
PHVS
VERIM
AURE
Con
MS. AV
COIN OF VABALATHUS.
VOL. ILL.
4 H
## p. 1202 (#1218) ##########################################
1202
VALENS.
VALENS.
VACCUS, M. VITRUʻVIUS, a citizen of fearing him as a rival, and hating him as a private
Fundi, was the leader of the revolt of the Fundani foe, despatched an emissary [Piso, No. 33), to put
and Privernates against Rome in B. C. 330. He him to death. Valens, upon receiving intelligence of
was a man of considerable reputation both in his this design, conceived that he might best avoid the
own state and also at Rome, where he had a house threatened danger by assuming the purple. Ac-
on the Palatine. The consul L. Plautius Venno cordingly he was proclaimed emperor, and was
was sent to quell the revolt, which he effected soon after murdered by his soldiers. (Trebell.
without difficulty. On the capture of Privernum, Poll. Trig. Tyrann. xviii. )
(W. R. )
Vaccus fell into the consul's hands, and was put to VALENS, the maternal granduncle or uncle of
death after his triumph. His property was con- the preceding, rebelled in Illyria during the reign
fiscated to the state, his house on the Palatine de. of Gallienus, and perished after having held sway
stroyed, and the site on which it stood was ever for a few days. He also, as well as his nephew, is
after called the Vacci Prata. (Liv, viii. 19, 20 ; pressed into the list of the thirty tyrants by Pollio.
Cic. pro Dom. 38. )
(Trebell. Poll. Trig. Tyrann. xix. ) (W. R. )
VACU'NA, a Sabine divinity identical with VALENS, emperor of the East A. D. 364—378,
Victoria. She had an ancient sanctuary near the brother of Valentinian (VALENTINIANUS I. ),
Horace's villa at Tibur, and another at Rome. was born about A. D. 328. The name of his wife
The Romans however derived the name from Va- was Albia Dominica, by whom he had a son and
cuus, and said that she was a divinity to whom two daughters. Under Julian he was one of the
the country people offered sacrifices when the la- Domestici. He was made emperor of the East by
bours of the field were over, that is, when they his brother on the 28th of March a. D. 364, as is
were at leisure, vacui. (Schol. ad llorat. Epist. told in the article VALENTINIANUS.
i. 10. 49; Ov. Fast. vi. 307; Plin. H. N. ii. 17. ) Valens had in his service the Prefect Sallustius,
From the Scholiast on Horace, we also learn that and the generals Lupicinus, Victor, and Arinthaeus.
some identified her with Diana, Ceres, Venus, or By a constitution of the 16th of December of this
Minerva.
(L. S. ) year, he forbade the practice of giving presents to
VALA, NUMONIUS. 1. C. NomoNIus those who carried to the provinces important news,
Vala, known only from coins, from which it ap- such as the accession of an emperor or his assump-
pears that he had obtained renown by storming a tion of the consulship: he allowed the carriers of
vallum, and had hence obtained the surname of such news to receive the presents which persons of
Vala, which, according to the usual custom, be- property or condition might choose to give, but not
came hereditary in his family. The coins were to exact anything from those who were not in easy
struck by one of his descendants in commemoration circumstances. The Goths are spoken of as baving
of the exploit. The one annexed has on the ob- made their appearance in Thrace in this year, but
verse the head of Numonius, with C. NVMONIVS they were induced to retire, probably by money.
Vaala, and on the reverse a man storming the Valens left Constantinople in the spring of a. D.
vallum of a camp, which is defended by two others, 365, for Asia Minor, and he was at Caesarea in
with VAALA. Vaala is an ancient form of Vala, Cappadocia in the month of July, when the great
just as on the coins of Sulla we find Feelix instead earthquake happened, which shook all the country
of Felix. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 263. )
round the Mediterranean. The revolt of Procopius
for a time rendered the throne of Valens insecure.
Procopius assumed the imperial title at Constan-
tinople, on the 28th of September, A. D. 365, and
Valens received the intelligence as he was going to
leave Caesarea. (PROCOPIUS). After the death
of Procopius, A. D. 366, Valens treated the partisans
of the rebel with great clemency according to
VAALA
Themistius ; but Ammianus and Zosimus say that
he punished many innocent persons. The fact of
some persons being punished is certain : the nature
and degree of their participation in the revolt may
2. NUMONIUS VALA, to whom Horace addresses be doubtful. The emperor had sworn to demolish
one of his Epistles (i.
