--The date of a Graeco-Buddhist
pedestal
from Hastnagar.
Cambridge History of India - v1
J.
Bomb.
Br.
R.
A.
S.
XV, pp. 273 ff.
Jackson, Y. H. Notes on Old Rajagriha. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1913-4, pp. 265 ff.
Jouveau-Dubreuil, G. Arch ologie du Sud de l'Inde. Paris, 1914.
Kipling, J. L. The classical influence in the Architecture of the Indus
region and Afghanistan. Jour. Roy. Inst. British Architects, 1 (1894),
pp. 134 ff.
Leitner, G. W. Graeco-Buddhist Sculpture. As. Quart. Rev. vii (1894),
pp. 186-9,
Lüders, H. A List of Brahmi Inscriptions from the earliest times to about
A. D 400, with the exception of Asoka. Ep. Ind. x, Appendix,
Maisey F. C. Sanchi and its Remains. London, 1892.
Marshall, J. H. Archaeological Exploration in India, 1906-7. J. R. A. S.
1907, pp. 993 ff. ; 1907-8, ibid. 1908, pp. 1085 ff. ; 1908-9, ibid. 1909,
pp. 1053 ff. ; 1909-10, ibid. 1911, pp. 127 ff.
-Buddhist gold jewellery, Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1902-3, pp. 185 ff. ; Rajagriha
and its Remains, ibid. 1905-6, pp. 86 ff. ; Sarnath, ibid. 1906-7, pp.
68 ff. ; The Gandhara School and Mr Havell, ibid. 1907-8, p. 39 ; Railing
pillars at Bodh Gaya, ibid. p. 40 ; Excavations at Saheth-Maheth, ibid.
1910-1
PP. ff. ; Excavations at Bhita, ibid. 1911-2, pp. 29 ff. Exca-
vations at Taxila, ibid. 1912-3, pp, 1 ff. ; 1914-5, pp. 1 ff. ; 1915-6, pp.
1 ff. ; The Monuments of Sanchi, ibid. 1913-4, pp. 1 ff.
- A Guide to Taxila. Calcutta, 1918.
--A Guide to Sanchi. Calcutta, 1918.
## p. 638 (#676) ############################################
638
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XXVI
pp. 37-64.
Mitra, Rajendralal. Antiquities of Orissa. Calcutta, 1875 etc.
Oertel, F. 0. Excavations at Sarnath. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1901-5, pp. 59 ff.
Peppe, W. C. The Piprāhwā Stūpa, containing relics of Buddha. J. R. A. S. ,
1898, pp. 573 ff.
.
Perry, J. T. The classical influence in Indian Architecture Jour. Roy.
Inst. British Architects, I (189+), pp. 47 ff.
Prinsep: J. Essays on Indian Antiquities ; see Bibl. to Ch. xxi, 4.
Rea, A. South Indian Buddhist Antiquities, including the Stupas of
Bhattiprolu, Gudivādā, and Ghantāsāla, and other ancient cities in the
Krishna District. . Midras, 1891.
Sahni,' D. R. Excavations at Rampurva. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1907-8, pp.
181 ff.
--Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sarnath. Calcutta, 1914.
Senart, E. Notes d'E'pigraphie indienne ; sur quelques pierres grav es
provenant du Cabonl. Jour. As. , 18:9 (XII): pp. 364 ff.
Simpson, W. Indian Architecture Trans. Roy. Inst. British Architects,
1861-2, pp. 165. 78. Buddhist Architecture : Jallalabad. Ibid. 1879-80,
Origin and mutation in Indian and Eastern Architecture.
Ibid. 1891, pp. 225-76.
-Classical influence in the Architecture of the Indus region and
Afghanistan Jour. Roy. Inst. British Architects, I (1891), pp. 93 ff. ,
191 ff.
--The Buddhist Caves of Afghanistan. J. R. AS, 1882, pp. 319-331.
Some suggestions of origin in Indian Architecture. Ibid. 1888, pp.
49. 71.
Sinclair, W. F. Architecture in India. J. R. A. S , 1888, pp. 272-6.
Smith, V. A. History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon. Oxford, 1911.
--Graeco-Roman influence on the civilization of Ancient India. J. A. S. B. ,
1889, pp. 107-93 ; 1892, pp. 50-76 ; 1893, pp. 84-7.
--The date of a Graeco-Buddhist pedestal from Hastnagar. Ind. Ant. ,
1892, pp. 166 f.
– Note on the Piprāhwā Stūpa. J. R. A. S. , 1898, pp. 579-88.
- The Monolithic Pillars of Asoka. Z. D. M. G. , 1911, pp. 221 ff.
--and Hoey, W. Ancient Buddhist Statuettes etc. J. A. S. B. , 1895,
pp.
155-62.
Spiers, R. P. Classical influence in Indian Architecture. Jour. Roy. Inst.
British Architects, I (1894, pp). 150 ff.
Spooner, D. B. A new find of Punch-marked Coins, Arch. Sur. Ind. ,
1905. 6, pp. 150 ff. ; Excavations at Sahri Bahlol, ibid. 1906-7, pp.
102 ff. ; Excavations at Takht-i-Bahi, ibid. 1907-8, pp. 132 ff. ;Excava-
tions at Shah-ji-ki-Dheri, ibid. 1908-9, pp. 38 ff. ; An inscribed Sculp-
ture in the Peshawar Museum, ibid. pp. 130 ff. ; Excavations at Pāttali-
putra, ibid. 1912-3, pp. 53 ff. ; Excavations at Basarh (in 1911-2), ibid.
1913-4, pp. 98 ff.
--Handbook to the Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum, Bombay, 1910.
--Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Eastern Circle,
for 1912-3.
Stein, M. A. Zoroastrian deities on Indo-Scythian Coins. Ind. Ant. ,
1888, pp. 89-98.
--Detailed Report of an Archaeological Tour with the Buner Field Force.
Lahore, 1898.
a
## p. 639 (#677) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XXVI
639
2
>
Talbot, M. G. The Rock Caves and Statues of Bāmiān J. R. A. S. , 1886,
pp. 323 ff.
Vogel, J. Ph. Catalogue of the Delhi Museum of Archaeology. Calcutta,
1908.
--Inscribed Gandhara Sculptures, Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1903-4, pp. 244 ff. ;
,
.
Excavations at Kasia, ibid. 1901-5, p. 43 ; The Mathura School of
Sculpture, ibid. 1906-7, pp. 137 ff. ; 1909-10, pp. 63 ff. ; The Garuda
Pillar of Besnagar, ibid. 1908-9, pp. 126 ff.
-- Archaeological Exploration in India, 1910-1. J. R. A. S. , 1912, pp.
113 ff.
Waddel, L. A. Discovery of the exact site of Asoka's classic capital of
,
Pātaliputra, the Palibothra of the Greeks, and description of the super-
ficial remains. Calcutta, 1892.
- Report on the excavations at Pātaliputra (Patna), the Palibothra of the
Greeks. Calcutta, 1903.
Graeco-Buddhist Sculpture in Swāt. As. Quart. Rev. , Jan. 1896.
Wilson, H. H. Ariana Antiqua ; see Bibl. to Ch. xiv, 2.
## p. 640 (#678) ############################################
1
.
CHRONOLOGY
The following dates are accepted in this volume. Many of them can
only be regarded as approximate, while others are conjectural.
B. O.
2500 Probable date of the beginning of Āryan invasions (p. 63).
1400 Boghaz-köi inscriptions of kings of the Mitāni (pp. 61-5, 98-9).
1200-1000 Chbandas period of Indian literature: the earliest hymns of the
Rigveda (p. 100).
1000 - 800 Mantra period, sometimes called the earlier Brāhmaṇa period :
later hymns of the Rigveda and the Vedic collections-
Rigveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, Atharvaveda (p. 100)
The tradition of the Puräņas places the war between the Kurus
and the Pāņdus in the earlier Brāhmaṇa period, c. 1000 B. C.
(p. 274). The Mahābhārata which celebrates this war be-
longs in its present form to a much later date (pp. 225 ff).
800-600 (Later) Brāhmaṇa period : the extant Brāhmaṇas (p. 100).
The earliest Upanishads are probably not later than 550 or
600 B. C. (pp. 100, 131).
It is possible that the story of the Rāmāyaṇa may have its
origin in the later Brāhmaṇa period (p. 283).
600-200 Sütra period (pp. 100, 97).
563 -483 Siddārtha Gautama, the Buddha (pp. 152. 3, 278).
According to Charpentier, 478 (477) B. C. appears to be a more
probable date for the nirvāṇa of the Buddha (p. 139 n. 2).
Among the contemporaries of the Buddha were Prasenajit
(Pasenadi) king of Kosala (pp. 160, 275), Bimbisāra
(Creņika) and Ajātaçatru (Ajātasattu, Kiüņka), kings of
Magadha (pp. 162-3, 277), Pradyota (Pajjota), king of Avanti
(pp. 165, 276-7), and Udayana (Udena), king of Vasta
(Vamsa) pp. 167, 275, 276. )
558–530 Cyrus, king of Persia.
Conquered Bactria and certain countries in Kābul valley
and N. W. India including Kāpica and Gandhāra (pp. 162,
294-98).
543-491 Bimbisāra (Çrenika), king of Magadha (pp. 140, 162, 277-8).
Conquered Anga c. 500 B. c. (pp. 277, 281).
540-468 Vardhamāna Nāta putra, Mahāvira (pp. 139, 145).
Traditional date 600-528 B. c. (p. 138).
Pārçva, the predecessor of Mahāvira as tirthakara, is said to
have died 250 years before him. (p. 137).
For the contemporaries of Mahāvira and Buddha v. sup.
1
1
>
640
## p. 641 (#679) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
641
B. C.
522-486 Darius I, king of Persia.
The Greek geographer Hecataeus lived in his reign (pp. 301, n.
2, 354).
Naval expedition of Scylax c. 517 B. C.
XV, pp. 273 ff.
Jackson, Y. H. Notes on Old Rajagriha. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1913-4, pp. 265 ff.
Jouveau-Dubreuil, G. Arch ologie du Sud de l'Inde. Paris, 1914.
Kipling, J. L. The classical influence in the Architecture of the Indus
region and Afghanistan. Jour. Roy. Inst. British Architects, 1 (1894),
pp. 134 ff.
Leitner, G. W. Graeco-Buddhist Sculpture. As. Quart. Rev. vii (1894),
pp. 186-9,
Lüders, H. A List of Brahmi Inscriptions from the earliest times to about
A. D 400, with the exception of Asoka. Ep. Ind. x, Appendix,
Maisey F. C. Sanchi and its Remains. London, 1892.
Marshall, J. H. Archaeological Exploration in India, 1906-7. J. R. A. S.
1907, pp. 993 ff. ; 1907-8, ibid. 1908, pp. 1085 ff. ; 1908-9, ibid. 1909,
pp. 1053 ff. ; 1909-10, ibid. 1911, pp. 127 ff.
-Buddhist gold jewellery, Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1902-3, pp. 185 ff. ; Rajagriha
and its Remains, ibid. 1905-6, pp. 86 ff. ; Sarnath, ibid. 1906-7, pp.
68 ff. ; The Gandhara School and Mr Havell, ibid. 1907-8, p. 39 ; Railing
pillars at Bodh Gaya, ibid. p. 40 ; Excavations at Saheth-Maheth, ibid.
1910-1
PP. ff. ; Excavations at Bhita, ibid. 1911-2, pp. 29 ff. Exca-
vations at Taxila, ibid. 1912-3, pp, 1 ff. ; 1914-5, pp. 1 ff. ; 1915-6, pp.
1 ff. ; The Monuments of Sanchi, ibid. 1913-4, pp. 1 ff.
- A Guide to Taxila. Calcutta, 1918.
--A Guide to Sanchi. Calcutta, 1918.
## p. 638 (#676) ############################################
638
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XXVI
pp. 37-64.
Mitra, Rajendralal. Antiquities of Orissa. Calcutta, 1875 etc.
Oertel, F. 0. Excavations at Sarnath. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1901-5, pp. 59 ff.
Peppe, W. C. The Piprāhwā Stūpa, containing relics of Buddha. J. R. A. S. ,
1898, pp. 573 ff.
.
Perry, J. T. The classical influence in Indian Architecture Jour. Roy.
Inst. British Architects, I (189+), pp. 47 ff.
Prinsep: J. Essays on Indian Antiquities ; see Bibl. to Ch. xxi, 4.
Rea, A. South Indian Buddhist Antiquities, including the Stupas of
Bhattiprolu, Gudivādā, and Ghantāsāla, and other ancient cities in the
Krishna District. . Midras, 1891.
Sahni,' D. R. Excavations at Rampurva. Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1907-8, pp.
181 ff.
--Catalogue of the Museum of Archaeology at Sarnath. Calcutta, 1914.
Senart, E. Notes d'E'pigraphie indienne ; sur quelques pierres grav es
provenant du Cabonl. Jour. As. , 18:9 (XII): pp. 364 ff.
Simpson, W. Indian Architecture Trans. Roy. Inst. British Architects,
1861-2, pp. 165. 78. Buddhist Architecture : Jallalabad. Ibid. 1879-80,
Origin and mutation in Indian and Eastern Architecture.
Ibid. 1891, pp. 225-76.
-Classical influence in the Architecture of the Indus region and
Afghanistan Jour. Roy. Inst. British Architects, I (1891), pp. 93 ff. ,
191 ff.
--The Buddhist Caves of Afghanistan. J. R. AS, 1882, pp. 319-331.
Some suggestions of origin in Indian Architecture. Ibid. 1888, pp.
49. 71.
Sinclair, W. F. Architecture in India. J. R. A. S , 1888, pp. 272-6.
Smith, V. A. History of Fine Art in India and Ceylon. Oxford, 1911.
--Graeco-Roman influence on the civilization of Ancient India. J. A. S. B. ,
1889, pp. 107-93 ; 1892, pp. 50-76 ; 1893, pp. 84-7.
--The date of a Graeco-Buddhist pedestal from Hastnagar. Ind. Ant. ,
1892, pp. 166 f.
– Note on the Piprāhwā Stūpa. J. R. A. S. , 1898, pp. 579-88.
- The Monolithic Pillars of Asoka. Z. D. M. G. , 1911, pp. 221 ff.
--and Hoey, W. Ancient Buddhist Statuettes etc. J. A. S. B. , 1895,
pp.
155-62.
Spiers, R. P. Classical influence in Indian Architecture. Jour. Roy. Inst.
British Architects, I (1894, pp). 150 ff.
Spooner, D. B. A new find of Punch-marked Coins, Arch. Sur. Ind. ,
1905. 6, pp. 150 ff. ; Excavations at Sahri Bahlol, ibid. 1906-7, pp.
102 ff. ; Excavations at Takht-i-Bahi, ibid. 1907-8, pp. 132 ff. ;Excava-
tions at Shah-ji-ki-Dheri, ibid. 1908-9, pp. 38 ff. ; An inscribed Sculp-
ture in the Peshawar Museum, ibid. pp. 130 ff. ; Excavations at Pāttali-
putra, ibid. 1912-3, pp. 53 ff. ; Excavations at Basarh (in 1911-2), ibid.
1913-4, pp. 98 ff.
--Handbook to the Sculptures in the Peshawar Museum, Bombay, 1910.
--Annual Report of the Archaeological Survey of India, Eastern Circle,
for 1912-3.
Stein, M. A. Zoroastrian deities on Indo-Scythian Coins. Ind. Ant. ,
1888, pp. 89-98.
--Detailed Report of an Archaeological Tour with the Buner Field Force.
Lahore, 1898.
a
## p. 639 (#677) ############################################
BIBLIOGRAPHY TO CHAPTER XXVI
639
2
>
Talbot, M. G. The Rock Caves and Statues of Bāmiān J. R. A. S. , 1886,
pp. 323 ff.
Vogel, J. Ph. Catalogue of the Delhi Museum of Archaeology. Calcutta,
1908.
--Inscribed Gandhara Sculptures, Arch. Sur. Ind. , 1903-4, pp. 244 ff. ;
,
.
Excavations at Kasia, ibid. 1901-5, p. 43 ; The Mathura School of
Sculpture, ibid. 1906-7, pp. 137 ff. ; 1909-10, pp. 63 ff. ; The Garuda
Pillar of Besnagar, ibid. 1908-9, pp. 126 ff.
-- Archaeological Exploration in India, 1910-1. J. R. A. S. , 1912, pp.
113 ff.
Waddel, L. A. Discovery of the exact site of Asoka's classic capital of
,
Pātaliputra, the Palibothra of the Greeks, and description of the super-
ficial remains. Calcutta, 1892.
- Report on the excavations at Pātaliputra (Patna), the Palibothra of the
Greeks. Calcutta, 1903.
Graeco-Buddhist Sculpture in Swāt. As. Quart. Rev. , Jan. 1896.
Wilson, H. H. Ariana Antiqua ; see Bibl. to Ch. xiv, 2.
## p. 640 (#678) ############################################
1
.
CHRONOLOGY
The following dates are accepted in this volume. Many of them can
only be regarded as approximate, while others are conjectural.
B. O.
2500 Probable date of the beginning of Āryan invasions (p. 63).
1400 Boghaz-köi inscriptions of kings of the Mitāni (pp. 61-5, 98-9).
1200-1000 Chbandas period of Indian literature: the earliest hymns of the
Rigveda (p. 100).
1000 - 800 Mantra period, sometimes called the earlier Brāhmaṇa period :
later hymns of the Rigveda and the Vedic collections-
Rigveda, Yajurveda, Sāmaveda, Atharvaveda (p. 100)
The tradition of the Puräņas places the war between the Kurus
and the Pāņdus in the earlier Brāhmaṇa period, c. 1000 B. C.
(p. 274). The Mahābhārata which celebrates this war be-
longs in its present form to a much later date (pp. 225 ff).
800-600 (Later) Brāhmaṇa period : the extant Brāhmaṇas (p. 100).
The earliest Upanishads are probably not later than 550 or
600 B. C. (pp. 100, 131).
It is possible that the story of the Rāmāyaṇa may have its
origin in the later Brāhmaṇa period (p. 283).
600-200 Sütra period (pp. 100, 97).
563 -483 Siddārtha Gautama, the Buddha (pp. 152. 3, 278).
According to Charpentier, 478 (477) B. C. appears to be a more
probable date for the nirvāṇa of the Buddha (p. 139 n. 2).
Among the contemporaries of the Buddha were Prasenajit
(Pasenadi) king of Kosala (pp. 160, 275), Bimbisāra
(Creņika) and Ajātaçatru (Ajātasattu, Kiüņka), kings of
Magadha (pp. 162-3, 277), Pradyota (Pajjota), king of Avanti
(pp. 165, 276-7), and Udayana (Udena), king of Vasta
(Vamsa) pp. 167, 275, 276. )
558–530 Cyrus, king of Persia.
Conquered Bactria and certain countries in Kābul valley
and N. W. India including Kāpica and Gandhāra (pp. 162,
294-98).
543-491 Bimbisāra (Çrenika), king of Magadha (pp. 140, 162, 277-8).
Conquered Anga c. 500 B. c. (pp. 277, 281).
540-468 Vardhamāna Nāta putra, Mahāvira (pp. 139, 145).
Traditional date 600-528 B. c. (p. 138).
Pārçva, the predecessor of Mahāvira as tirthakara, is said to
have died 250 years before him. (p. 137).
For the contemporaries of Mahāvira and Buddha v. sup.
1
1
>
640
## p. 641 (#679) ############################################
CHRONOLOGY
641
B. C.
522-486 Darius I, king of Persia.
The Greek geographer Hecataeus lived in his reign (pp. 301, n.
2, 354).
Naval expedition of Scylax c. 517 B. C.
