Its proximity to the town of
Ballynakill
caused the cemetery of Kilcronan to be greatly over- crowded ; while, by the people of all the surrounding neighbourhood, the place had been constantly held in great veneration, and it was a favourite place for interments.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v7
Evident traces of their agricultural
_
and cemetery, are filled with rank and labours Still remain,
luxuriant weeds.
53 A small Tract,
57 During the reign of King Charles I.
s8 The Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor, Right Rev. Bishop Mant, quotes
"
" Le toirede Saint Patrice," was printed at Paris.
Ithasno leaves.
" For the more effec- tual preventing and suppressing all such superstitious, dangerous, and unlawful assem-
date,
andit isan8voof
only
16
the clause as follows
:
intituled,
Purga-
s* The Caverna is also marked on the Ord- nance Survey Map of the island.
ss The celebrated Spanish poet Don Pedro Calderon de la Barca, born in Madrid in the beginning of 1600, composed as one of
his dramas "
This has been elegantly rendered into Eng- ment, be publickly whipped ; and persons lish metre, by our own distinguished poet, convicted of building booths, selling ale, Denis Florence MacCarthy. With an Inuo- victuals, or other commodities, shall forfeit
Purgatorio
de San Patricio. "
duction, this version was first published in Duffy's "Irish Catholic Magazine," vol. i. ,
Nos. i. , ii. , in. , iv. , v. , 1847, 4to. Later still, this version was revised and published
as an entirely new translation, by Mr. Mac- Carthy. In its completed form, it may be seen in the latest edition of his works, in
Calderon's Dramas, published in London, 1887, 8vo.
s6 The Canons Regular of St. Augustine were formerly denizens of the place. See Sir James Ware, " De Hibernia et Antiqui-
blies," the statue further enacts
person convicted of meeting or assembling at St. Patrick's Purgatory aforesaid, or at any such well or place contrary to this act, shall forfeit ten shillings, or in default of pay
that every
360 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 24.
of
trees or shrubs, if we except some slender trees of mountain ash, and some
whitethorn bushes, which are really worth observing, as they are hoar with antiquity. These bushes shelter the debris of the buildings, and especially those of the Caverna Purgalorii; and, judging from the gray, dank moss adhering to their branches, they appear to date from a time when the build- ingsweredemolished. Althoughsocelebratedinformerages,theSaint's Island is now rarely visited, even during the season when pilgrimages are most frequent on Station Island.
Article III. —St. Luighbe, of Drumbo, County of Down. In the
of 1 at the of is entered Dromo bo. Martyrology Tallagh, 24th July, Lugbei
This is the present parish of Drumbo, in the county of Down. " On a hill weretheruinsofthisoldchurch,45feetinlength,and20broad. Theold church, ascribed to the erection of St. Patricks and presided over by a St. Mochumma, Abbot, about the beginning of the seventh century, is now in ruins. * Conjecturally, Colgan classes this saint as the holy disciple of St. Columba, named St. Lugbe Mac-cumin, a monk of Iona. s At the north-west corner of the church, 24 feet distant from it, stood an ancient Round Tower,6 about 35 feet high and 47 feet in circumference. It is 9 feet in diameter, on the clear; it has also an eastern entrance, about 6 feet from the ground. ?
The doorway is quadrangular, and the tower is constructed of spawled rubble masonry. The limestone of the district has been used. The wall is 4 feet in thickness, and the doorway measures 5 feet 8 inches in height ; 2 feet 6 inches in breadth, below the lintel ; and 2 feet 10 inches at the sill-stone,
Purgatory,
in the
county
Donegal. s
Island has very few
which is now 8 to the of destroyed. According Martyrology Donegal,?
ration was given at the 24th of July to Luighbe of Drum-bo.
vene-
Article IV. —St. Comghall, of Cluain Diamhair. It is entered
1
in the Martyrology of Tallagh, that a festival was celebrated at the 24th of
twenty shillings, and in default of paymenty be imprisoned ; and the magistrates are re- quired to demolish all crosses, pictures, and inscriptions, that are anywhere publickly set
quities of Down, Connor and Dromore,"pp. 44, 45, n. (b), and Appendix S, pp. 235 and 236, and Appendix LL, p. 379.
* See Dr. Petrie's " Ecclesiastical Archi- tecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, hi. , sub-sec. 3, pp. 401,402. There is a beautiful wood engraving of the doorway to this Round Tower, at p. 401.
s See "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. x. , num. 80, p. 491.
6 In J. B. Doyle's " Tours in Ulster," pp. 99, 100, there is an illustration and a desciip- tion of Drumbo Round Tower.
7 See Harris' "Ancientand Present State of
the County ofDown,"chap. iii. , sect, iv. , p. 73.
8 At it rises about four feet present, only
over the level of the ground, which has been raised considerably by interments. No doubt its elevation was originally some eight or ten feet.
» Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
up, and—are the occasions of Popish supersti- "
tions. " History of the Church of Ireland,
from the Revolution to the Union of the
Churches of England and Ireland, January 1st, 1801 ; with a Catalogue of the Arch- bishops and Bishops, continued to Novem- ber, 1840; and a Notice of the Alterations made in the Hierarchy by the Act of 3 and 4 William IV. , chap. 37. " Vol. ii. , chap, ii. , sect. ii. , pp. 139, 140.
Article hi. — 1
Edited
by
Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
2 See it described on "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Down,"
sheets 9, 15.
3 This, however, in the opinion of Rev.
William Reeves is incorrect, as the church of Drumbo, erected by St. Patrick, was near
Downpatrick, and not far from the sea, while the present Drumbo is several miles
distant from it. See
200, 201. — Article iv.
Kelly, p. xxx.
'
Edited
Rev. Dr.
"
by
Ecclesiastical Anti-
8 TheSaint's
July 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 361
July,inhonourofComgallmacTade,ofCluainDiamar. AcertainCorn-
gall, the disciple of St. Cethech, a Bishop, is mentioned in the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick. 2 His feast appears to have been kept at Ath-da-laarg. This is said to have been a ford of the River Buellan—now the Boyle—in Connaught. 3 The name Comghall, of Cluain Diamhair, occurs in the Martyr- ology of Donegal,* at this same date.
Article V. —St. Oilleoc, of Cluana Etchen. A festival to honour
1
Oilleoc of Cluana Etchen appears in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 24th
of July. The place of this saint is not recognisable, at present, under the
name here 2 that the saint given. Colganconjectures, present
with a St. Allcecus,3 the brother of St. Gildas the Wise. *
Colgan makes him the brother to five other holy brothers, who were natives of Ireland. 5 It seems probable enough, that the present saint may be iden- tical with Elloc, one of the sons of Bracan, King of Britain, and of Dina,
daughter
King.
6 If he must have flourished in the fifth cen- so,
to a Saxon
tury. Oneofthesesons,CoemanorMochoemoch,issaidtohavecomeover from Britain, or Cambria, and to have founded a church at a place, afterwards known as Kilcavan, in the plain of Geishill, in the present King's County. It must be remarked, too, there is a place called Kilmalogue,? in the imme- diate vicinity, and it seems not improbable, that as a near neighbour to his brother, he may have there settled. After giving name to the place, Elloc or Oilleoc may have been adopted as the local patron.
ArticleVI. —St. Cronan. WefindthenameCronan,withoutfurther
inserted in the of x and of 2 at designation, Martyrologies Tallagh Donegal,
the 24th of July. No less than twenty-nine holy men bearing this name are enumerated in the Irish Calendars. While most of those are distin-
guished by the places with which they were connected, or by a patrony- mic, several are only mentioned simply by name. Among the latter
is the present holy man. There are two places, called Kilcronan, marked on the Irish Ordnance Survey Maps ; one of these is a townland
in the parish of Whitechurch, and barony of Cork;* while the other townland, so named,4 is in the parish of Dysartgallen, and barony of Cul- lenagh, in the Queen's County. The old cemetery of the latter Kilcronan
a See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. xlviii. , p. 136.
3 See nn. 91, 92, p. 177.
4 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
5 See what is written at the 31st of
January, the feast of St. Machumma or
Dochumma, Bishop of Inis Mahee.
200,201. Article v.
Kelly, p. xxx.
—
Edited by Rev. Dr.
inthe
Topographical Dictionary
2 Thereisa
called
Clonagheen,
Article vi. Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxx.
2
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 200, 201.
3 It is shown, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," sheet 63.
* It is described, on the "Ordnance Sur- vey Townland Maps for the Queen's
parish
barony of Maryborough West, and Queen's
County ; but, this denomination does not
approach phonetically to that of Cluana Etchen.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia? ," Januarii xxix. , n. 6, p. 188.
4 See his Life, at the 29th of January, in the First Volume of this work, Art. i.
6" See Colgan's
nise," Febuarii xi.
to 314. " 7 See Lewis'
Acta Sanctorum Hiber- Vita S. Canoci, pp. 311
of Ireland," vol. —i. , p. 652. x
be identical
may
Yet, elsewhere,
362
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 24.
6onthe right bank of the Owenbeg River. No patron day or tradition remains at present, to connect this place with any particular St. Cronan j notwithstand- ing the many bearing such name as inscribed on the Irish Calendar. The river has now encroached on part of the former burial-ground, and has carried away a considerable portion, not alone of the earth, but even of human
anda ofitsruinedchurchs lienearthetownof
fragment Ballynakill,
u
^m&:::. '. . . ,',,.
Kilcronan, Queen's County.
remains. When the writer last visited the place, layers of human bones and also pieces of coffins were sticking out through the clay on the soft embank- ment, over the rapid course of the Owenbeg River.
Its proximity to the town of Ballynakill caused the cemetery of Kilcronan to be greatly over- crowded ; while, by the people of all the surrounding neighbourhood, the place had been constantly held in great veneration, and it was a favourite place for interments.
of
Tallagh,
1 at this
date,
is entered the festival of Blaithmac mac Flainn. tions. Woodsareshownoneithersideofit,
Article VII. —St. Blathmac, Son of Flann. In the Martyrology
County,"sheet30.
s The accompanying illustration is from a
but with openings between, and these ex- tend to the River Greg, as it is called—now
sketch by the writer, taken in July, 1888. This was drawn by William F. Wakeman on the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
—which Kilcroenen passes by
6 On the old Map of Leix, compiled about
the year 1563, and within the district of great distance, towards the south-west.
Galin, this town is marked. There, it is de-
nominated Balaochillie, and it is represented, in situ, by a tower, with crhuaux indenta-
Ballynakill is situated within the parish of
Dysartgallen, in t—he barony of Cullinagh.
the Owenbeg
—also noted—and thence wends its course on to the River Neuie. This it joins at no
Article vii.
'
Edited Rev. Dr. by
July 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 363
of 2 at the of the name of Martyrology Donegal, records, 24th July,
The
Blathmac, son of Flann. In the table postfixed to the latter Martyrology, his name is Latinized Florigenius or Florus. 3 From the date at which his death is entered, a. d. 823, in both of the aforesaid Calendars, it should seem, that this saint ought to be identified with that noble martyr of Iona, whose Acts and festival may be found, at the 19th of January. 4
Article VIII. —St. Corodnus or Crodhne. In the Martyrology of
1
Tallagh, Corodnus is recorded at this day. In a somewhat different form,
the name is elsewhere noticed. A festival in honour of Crodhne 2 is set
down in the of 2- at the of Martyrology Donegal, 24th July.
ArticleIX. —St. LateerinofCulltn,CountyofCork. Apatron
was held, near a holy well dedicated to St. Lateerin, at Cullin, in the County
of Cork, on the 24th of July. Several local legends were current, regarding
this who is said to have been the of three sisters. 1 One holy virgin, youngest
of these was Inneen, venerated on the 6th of May, at Drumtariff, while the eldest of all was commemorated at Kilmeen. The name of this local saint has been omitted by ourCalendarists,
ArticleX. —St. Fergusa. ThesimpleentryFergusaisfoundrecorded 1
in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 24th of July.
Article XI. —St. Fagna, Bishop. We find that Florarius and Henry
1
Article XII. —St. Satanal, Martyr. The Martyrology of Tallagh records a festival at this date, to honour Satanal martir. We can find no
corresponding entry, in any other Calendar.
Article XIII. —Reputed Feast for St. Erthad, Bishop. In his " Menologium Scotorum," Thomas Dempster assigns a festival for a Bishop
Fitzsimon, at the 24th of July, have entered the festival of St Fagna, Bishop.
1
xxx.
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
200, 201.
3 See ibid. , pp. 366, 367.
4 In the First Volume of this work, Art. i. Article viii. — x Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
2 In a note by Dr. Todd he says at Crodhne:
"The second hand adds here 'Coroidhne,' another form of the name. It occurs in the form Corvoom, in the Mart. Taml. "
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
200, 201.
Article IX. — See Edward Walsh's
Erthad, at the 24th of July.
Kelly, p. 3
" Legends of the South," No. iii. Popular
St. Lateeran. "Dublin Penny Journal,"
vol. i. , No. 45, p. 360.
Article x. — l Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx. —
Article xi. * See O'Sullevan Beare's
"
Historise Catholicse Ibernise Compen-
dium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 54. 1
Article xii. — Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
Article xiii. —x Thus: "In Scotia
Erthadi episcopi qui regi piisimo Malcolmo I. , cliarus fait K. B. "—Bishop Forbes' " Ka- lendars of Scottish Saints," p. 206.
364 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 25.
Article XIV. —Reputed Feast of St. Rumold, Archbishop of Mech- lin. At the 24th of July, quoting Galesinus, Thomas Dempster has a festival for St. Rumold, Archbishop of Mechlin. Already we have treated about him, at the 1st day of this month 3—the date for his chief feast.
tttoentp-fiftft JBap of 3uip*
ARTICLE I. —ST. NINNIO, OR NINIAN, THE SENIOR, OR THE OLD, APOSTLE OF THE SOUTHERN PICTS.
[FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES. } CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—DIFFERENT FORMS OF ST. NINIAN's NAME—LIVES OF ST. NINIAN— CHRISTIANS AMONG THE SOUTHERN PICTS—FAMILY AND BIRTH OF ST. NINIAN —HIS EARLY YEARS AND EDUCATION—HE VISITS ROME—HIS CONSECRATION AS BISHOP.
to a designation affixed to the name of the present Nennio, we
OWING
are at a loss to understand the exact of the term
application
or the Old, to any particular individual, among the many saints called Nennio
orNennius. Withoutanysafelighttoguideusinarrivingatanyothercon- clusion, it seems not unreasonable to believe, that the meaning here attached to senior has reference, not to the oldest of the number, but rather to the
proto-saint so designated, among them. There can hardly be any doubt, but that the present Nenio, Senior, had some connexion with Ireland, whether we regard him as being identical with the first Apostle of the Southern Picts, or with St. Nennio, his successor, at Whithern. In the first case, we must probably conclude, that the former saint had two festivals ; one at this date, andanotheratthe16thofSeptember. Aconjecturehasbeenoffered,how- ever, that if not the latter feast-day—at least the present—should be assigned to the early Apostle's successor there. This conclusion hardly accords well with Scottish tradition and history. Assuming it may be possible, neverthe- less, we shall proceed to deal with the materials which are still extant, for
notices of that celebrated missionary, who at a very early period brought a knowledge of the Christian religion among his pagan compatriots.
The name of Ninnio, Senior, or the Old, is set down, in the Martyrology
1 atthe of Heis 25th July.
tohavebeencalled
in order to distinguish him from a namesake, who succeeded in his place, and who obtained the designation of Nennio or Nennius, Junior. If so, it seems probable, that we must regard him as that reverend bishop and holy man of the British nation, whose Acts have been alluded to by Venerable Bede,» and who first brought the light of Christianity among the Southern Picts. Under different forms, the name of Ninio or Ninian may be found.
ofTallagh,
Article xiv. —*
thought
Senior,
"xxiv. Mach- Scotorum," it is thus entered —
:
liniae Rumoldi Archiepiscopi. Galesin. " Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints,"p. 206.
Article
1.
—Chapter
i.
—
l Edited by
In his "Menologium
3 See in the present Volume, Art. i.
Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxx. a"
See Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis An- gloruin," lib. iii. , cap. 4.
Senior,
July 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 365
He is called Nynia, by Venerable Bede 3 and by Alcuin ; again, he is named Nyniga,4 Ninia,s and Niniane. 6 It was Latinized Ninianus, after the time of
St. Ailred. It is known, that Monenn,7 Monein,8 or Maoineann,9 was another form of this name, and called Nenio, in Ireland ; the honorific prefix mo pre-
10
the Island of Bute, he is called Ningan.
ment of St. Ninian's name is to be found, under the forms of St. Trinyon and St. Triman.
There was an Irish Life of a St. Ninian, which connects him with Ire- land. 13 This however contains matter, which is irreconcilable with state- ments made in the Life of Ninian by St. Ailrid. A translation of that Life was made for the Bollandists, by Father Henry Fitz-simon ; but, these writers state, that it abounds in falsehoods, and they consider it to be very worthlessincharacter. x* AnearlybookontheLifeofNinniowaswrittenin theancientCelticorPictishlanguageofGalloway. Itisnotlikely,thatthis linguistic and biographical tract has been preserved. From such a source of information, his mediaeval biographer, Ailred,15 recast in a Latin form, and somewhat under the influence of mediaeval notions, another narrative, which has come down to our time. The Pictish Life appears to have been very closely followed in form and in matter. This early record formed the basis of a Life—probably a Latin translation only—and compiled towards the middle of the twelfth century, by that celebrated Abbot of the Monastery of Rievault, or Rievaux. 16 This biography has been lately translated into English, and learnedly edited *» from the best Manuscripts, by Right Rev. AlexanderPenroseForbes,D. C. L. ,ProtestantBishopofBrechin. Itisalso
18
to a common InvulgarScotch,thisholymanwasstyledSt. Ringanll orSt. Ringen. In
12
ceding
the
designation itself,
according
usage
of our
country.
illustrated with notes. This Life was first printed by John Pinkerton,
from
a beautiful
3 See ibid.
10 Manuscript, belonging
to the Bodleian at Oxford. Library,
Dublinii, 1639, 4to.
M See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Sep-
tembris xvi. De S. Niniano Episcopo, Pic- torum Austraniam Apostolo Candidac Casae in Scotia. Commentarius Historico-Criticus, sect, ii. , num. 18, p. 321.
'5 As may be seen, from his Prologue to
the Latin Life of St. Ninian, Ailred consi-
dered this to have been written in a barbar-
ous style.
_
and cemetery, are filled with rank and labours Still remain,
luxuriant weeds.
53 A small Tract,
57 During the reign of King Charles I.
s8 The Protestant Bishop of Down and Connor, Right Rev. Bishop Mant, quotes
"
" Le toirede Saint Patrice," was printed at Paris.
Ithasno leaves.
" For the more effec- tual preventing and suppressing all such superstitious, dangerous, and unlawful assem-
date,
andit isan8voof
only
16
the clause as follows
:
intituled,
Purga-
s* The Caverna is also marked on the Ord- nance Survey Map of the island.
ss The celebrated Spanish poet Don Pedro Calderon de la Barca, born in Madrid in the beginning of 1600, composed as one of
his dramas "
This has been elegantly rendered into Eng- ment, be publickly whipped ; and persons lish metre, by our own distinguished poet, convicted of building booths, selling ale, Denis Florence MacCarthy. With an Inuo- victuals, or other commodities, shall forfeit
Purgatorio
de San Patricio. "
duction, this version was first published in Duffy's "Irish Catholic Magazine," vol. i. ,
Nos. i. , ii. , in. , iv. , v. , 1847, 4to. Later still, this version was revised and published
as an entirely new translation, by Mr. Mac- Carthy. In its completed form, it may be seen in the latest edition of his works, in
Calderon's Dramas, published in London, 1887, 8vo.
s6 The Canons Regular of St. Augustine were formerly denizens of the place. See Sir James Ware, " De Hibernia et Antiqui-
blies," the statue further enacts
person convicted of meeting or assembling at St. Patrick's Purgatory aforesaid, or at any such well or place contrary to this act, shall forfeit ten shillings, or in default of pay
that every
360 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 24.
of
trees or shrubs, if we except some slender trees of mountain ash, and some
whitethorn bushes, which are really worth observing, as they are hoar with antiquity. These bushes shelter the debris of the buildings, and especially those of the Caverna Purgalorii; and, judging from the gray, dank moss adhering to their branches, they appear to date from a time when the build- ingsweredemolished. Althoughsocelebratedinformerages,theSaint's Island is now rarely visited, even during the season when pilgrimages are most frequent on Station Island.
Article III. —St. Luighbe, of Drumbo, County of Down. In the
of 1 at the of is entered Dromo bo. Martyrology Tallagh, 24th July, Lugbei
This is the present parish of Drumbo, in the county of Down. " On a hill weretheruinsofthisoldchurch,45feetinlength,and20broad. Theold church, ascribed to the erection of St. Patricks and presided over by a St. Mochumma, Abbot, about the beginning of the seventh century, is now in ruins. * Conjecturally, Colgan classes this saint as the holy disciple of St. Columba, named St. Lugbe Mac-cumin, a monk of Iona. s At the north-west corner of the church, 24 feet distant from it, stood an ancient Round Tower,6 about 35 feet high and 47 feet in circumference. It is 9 feet in diameter, on the clear; it has also an eastern entrance, about 6 feet from the ground. ?
The doorway is quadrangular, and the tower is constructed of spawled rubble masonry. The limestone of the district has been used. The wall is 4 feet in thickness, and the doorway measures 5 feet 8 inches in height ; 2 feet 6 inches in breadth, below the lintel ; and 2 feet 10 inches at the sill-stone,
Purgatory,
in the
county
Donegal. s
Island has very few
which is now 8 to the of destroyed. According Martyrology Donegal,?
ration was given at the 24th of July to Luighbe of Drum-bo.
vene-
Article IV. —St. Comghall, of Cluain Diamhair. It is entered
1
in the Martyrology of Tallagh, that a festival was celebrated at the 24th of
twenty shillings, and in default of paymenty be imprisoned ; and the magistrates are re- quired to demolish all crosses, pictures, and inscriptions, that are anywhere publickly set
quities of Down, Connor and Dromore,"pp. 44, 45, n. (b), and Appendix S, pp. 235 and 236, and Appendix LL, p. 379.
* See Dr. Petrie's " Ecclesiastical Archi- tecture and Round Towers of Ireland," part ii. , sect, hi. , sub-sec. 3, pp. 401,402. There is a beautiful wood engraving of the doorway to this Round Tower, at p. 401.
s See "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Columbse, cap. x. , num. 80, p. 491.
6 In J. B. Doyle's " Tours in Ulster," pp. 99, 100, there is an illustration and a desciip- tion of Drumbo Round Tower.
7 See Harris' "Ancientand Present State of
the County ofDown,"chap. iii. , sect, iv. , p. 73.
8 At it rises about four feet present, only
over the level of the ground, which has been raised considerably by interments. No doubt its elevation was originally some eight or ten feet.
» Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
up, and—are the occasions of Popish supersti- "
tions. " History of the Church of Ireland,
from the Revolution to the Union of the
Churches of England and Ireland, January 1st, 1801 ; with a Catalogue of the Arch- bishops and Bishops, continued to Novem- ber, 1840; and a Notice of the Alterations made in the Hierarchy by the Act of 3 and 4 William IV. , chap. 37. " Vol. ii. , chap, ii. , sect. ii. , pp. 139, 140.
Article hi. — 1
Edited
by
Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
2 See it described on "Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the County of Down,"
sheets 9, 15.
3 This, however, in the opinion of Rev.
William Reeves is incorrect, as the church of Drumbo, erected by St. Patrick, was near
Downpatrick, and not far from the sea, while the present Drumbo is several miles
distant from it. See
200, 201. — Article iv.
Kelly, p. xxx.
'
Edited
Rev. Dr.
"
by
Ecclesiastical Anti-
8 TheSaint's
July 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 361
July,inhonourofComgallmacTade,ofCluainDiamar. AcertainCorn-
gall, the disciple of St. Cethech, a Bishop, is mentioned in the Tripartite Life of St. Patrick. 2 His feast appears to have been kept at Ath-da-laarg. This is said to have been a ford of the River Buellan—now the Boyle—in Connaught. 3 The name Comghall, of Cluain Diamhair, occurs in the Martyr- ology of Donegal,* at this same date.
Article V. —St. Oilleoc, of Cluana Etchen. A festival to honour
1
Oilleoc of Cluana Etchen appears in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 24th
of July. The place of this saint is not recognisable, at present, under the
name here 2 that the saint given. Colganconjectures, present
with a St. Allcecus,3 the brother of St. Gildas the Wise. *
Colgan makes him the brother to five other holy brothers, who were natives of Ireland. 5 It seems probable enough, that the present saint may be iden- tical with Elloc, one of the sons of Bracan, King of Britain, and of Dina,
daughter
King.
6 If he must have flourished in the fifth cen- so,
to a Saxon
tury. Oneofthesesons,CoemanorMochoemoch,issaidtohavecomeover from Britain, or Cambria, and to have founded a church at a place, afterwards known as Kilcavan, in the plain of Geishill, in the present King's County. It must be remarked, too, there is a place called Kilmalogue,? in the imme- diate vicinity, and it seems not improbable, that as a near neighbour to his brother, he may have there settled. After giving name to the place, Elloc or Oilleoc may have been adopted as the local patron.
ArticleVI. —St. Cronan. WefindthenameCronan,withoutfurther
inserted in the of x and of 2 at designation, Martyrologies Tallagh Donegal,
the 24th of July. No less than twenty-nine holy men bearing this name are enumerated in the Irish Calendars. While most of those are distin-
guished by the places with which they were connected, or by a patrony- mic, several are only mentioned simply by name. Among the latter
is the present holy man. There are two places, called Kilcronan, marked on the Irish Ordnance Survey Maps ; one of these is a townland
in the parish of Whitechurch, and barony of Cork;* while the other townland, so named,4 is in the parish of Dysartgallen, and barony of Cul- lenagh, in the Queen's County. The old cemetery of the latter Kilcronan
a See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Septima Vita S. Patricii, lib. ii. , cap. xlviii. , p. 136.
3 See nn. 91, 92, p. 177.
4 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
5 See what is written at the 31st of
January, the feast of St. Machumma or
Dochumma, Bishop of Inis Mahee.
200,201. Article v.
Kelly, p. xxx.
—
Edited by Rev. Dr.
inthe
Topographical Dictionary
2 Thereisa
called
Clonagheen,
Article vi. Edited by Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxx.
2
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp. 200, 201.
3 It is shown, on the "Ordnance Survey Townland Maps for the County of Cork," sheet 63.
* It is described, on the "Ordnance Sur- vey Townland Maps for the Queen's
parish
barony of Maryborough West, and Queen's
County ; but, this denomination does not
approach phonetically to that of Cluana Etchen.
3 See "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia? ," Januarii xxix. , n. 6, p. 188.
4 See his Life, at the 29th of January, in the First Volume of this work, Art. i.
6" See Colgan's
nise," Febuarii xi.
to 314. " 7 See Lewis'
Acta Sanctorum Hiber- Vita S. Canoci, pp. 311
of Ireland," vol. —i. , p. 652. x
be identical
may
Yet, elsewhere,
362
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 24.
6onthe right bank of the Owenbeg River. No patron day or tradition remains at present, to connect this place with any particular St. Cronan j notwithstand- ing the many bearing such name as inscribed on the Irish Calendar. The river has now encroached on part of the former burial-ground, and has carried away a considerable portion, not alone of the earth, but even of human
anda ofitsruinedchurchs lienearthetownof
fragment Ballynakill,
u
^m&:::. '. . . ,',,.
Kilcronan, Queen's County.
remains. When the writer last visited the place, layers of human bones and also pieces of coffins were sticking out through the clay on the soft embank- ment, over the rapid course of the Owenbeg River.
Its proximity to the town of Ballynakill caused the cemetery of Kilcronan to be greatly over- crowded ; while, by the people of all the surrounding neighbourhood, the place had been constantly held in great veneration, and it was a favourite place for interments.
of
Tallagh,
1 at this
date,
is entered the festival of Blaithmac mac Flainn. tions. Woodsareshownoneithersideofit,
Article VII. —St. Blathmac, Son of Flann. In the Martyrology
County,"sheet30.
s The accompanying illustration is from a
but with openings between, and these ex- tend to the River Greg, as it is called—now
sketch by the writer, taken in July, 1888. This was drawn by William F. Wakeman on the wood, engraved by Mrs. Millard.
—which Kilcroenen passes by
6 On the old Map of Leix, compiled about
the year 1563, and within the district of great distance, towards the south-west.
Galin, this town is marked. There, it is de-
nominated Balaochillie, and it is represented, in situ, by a tower, with crhuaux indenta-
Ballynakill is situated within the parish of
Dysartgallen, in t—he barony of Cullinagh.
the Owenbeg
—also noted—and thence wends its course on to the River Neuie. This it joins at no
Article vii.
'
Edited Rev. Dr. by
July 24. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 363
of 2 at the of the name of Martyrology Donegal, records, 24th July,
The
Blathmac, son of Flann. In the table postfixed to the latter Martyrology, his name is Latinized Florigenius or Florus. 3 From the date at which his death is entered, a. d. 823, in both of the aforesaid Calendars, it should seem, that this saint ought to be identified with that noble martyr of Iona, whose Acts and festival may be found, at the 19th of January. 4
Article VIII. —St. Corodnus or Crodhne. In the Martyrology of
1
Tallagh, Corodnus is recorded at this day. In a somewhat different form,
the name is elsewhere noticed. A festival in honour of Crodhne 2 is set
down in the of 2- at the of Martyrology Donegal, 24th July.
ArticleIX. —St. LateerinofCulltn,CountyofCork. Apatron
was held, near a holy well dedicated to St. Lateerin, at Cullin, in the County
of Cork, on the 24th of July. Several local legends were current, regarding
this who is said to have been the of three sisters. 1 One holy virgin, youngest
of these was Inneen, venerated on the 6th of May, at Drumtariff, while the eldest of all was commemorated at Kilmeen. The name of this local saint has been omitted by ourCalendarists,
ArticleX. —St. Fergusa. ThesimpleentryFergusaisfoundrecorded 1
in the Martyrology of Tallagh, at the 24th of July.
Article XI. —St. Fagna, Bishop. We find that Florarius and Henry
1
Article XII. —St. Satanal, Martyr. The Martyrology of Tallagh records a festival at this date, to honour Satanal martir. We can find no
corresponding entry, in any other Calendar.
Article XIII. —Reputed Feast for St. Erthad, Bishop. In his " Menologium Scotorum," Thomas Dempster assigns a festival for a Bishop
Fitzsimon, at the 24th of July, have entered the festival of St Fagna, Bishop.
1
xxx.
Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
200, 201.
3 See ibid. , pp. 366, 367.
4 In the First Volume of this work, Art. i. Article viii. — x Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
2 In a note by Dr. Todd he says at Crodhne:
"The second hand adds here 'Coroidhne,' another form of the name. It occurs in the form Corvoom, in the Mart. Taml. "
3 Edited by Drs. Todd and Reeves, pp.
200, 201.
Article IX. — See Edward Walsh's
Erthad, at the 24th of July.
Kelly, p. 3
" Legends of the South," No. iii. Popular
St. Lateeran. "Dublin Penny Journal,"
vol. i. , No. 45, p. 360.
Article x. — l Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx. —
Article xi. * See O'Sullevan Beare's
"
Historise Catholicse Ibernise Compen-
dium," tomus i. , lib. iv. , cap. xii. , p. 54. 1
Article xii. — Edited by Rev. Dr.
Kelly, p. xxx.
Article xiii. —x Thus: "In Scotia
Erthadi episcopi qui regi piisimo Malcolmo I. , cliarus fait K. B. "—Bishop Forbes' " Ka- lendars of Scottish Saints," p. 206.
364 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [July 25.
Article XIV. —Reputed Feast of St. Rumold, Archbishop of Mech- lin. At the 24th of July, quoting Galesinus, Thomas Dempster has a festival for St. Rumold, Archbishop of Mechlin. Already we have treated about him, at the 1st day of this month 3—the date for his chief feast.
tttoentp-fiftft JBap of 3uip*
ARTICLE I. —ST. NINNIO, OR NINIAN, THE SENIOR, OR THE OLD, APOSTLE OF THE SOUTHERN PICTS.
[FOURTH AND FIFTH CENTURIES. } CHAPTER I.
INTRODUCTION—DIFFERENT FORMS OF ST. NINIAN's NAME—LIVES OF ST. NINIAN— CHRISTIANS AMONG THE SOUTHERN PICTS—FAMILY AND BIRTH OF ST. NINIAN —HIS EARLY YEARS AND EDUCATION—HE VISITS ROME—HIS CONSECRATION AS BISHOP.
to a designation affixed to the name of the present Nennio, we
OWING
are at a loss to understand the exact of the term
application
or the Old, to any particular individual, among the many saints called Nennio
orNennius. Withoutanysafelighttoguideusinarrivingatanyothercon- clusion, it seems not unreasonable to believe, that the meaning here attached to senior has reference, not to the oldest of the number, but rather to the
proto-saint so designated, among them. There can hardly be any doubt, but that the present Nenio, Senior, had some connexion with Ireland, whether we regard him as being identical with the first Apostle of the Southern Picts, or with St. Nennio, his successor, at Whithern. In the first case, we must probably conclude, that the former saint had two festivals ; one at this date, andanotheratthe16thofSeptember. Aconjecturehasbeenoffered,how- ever, that if not the latter feast-day—at least the present—should be assigned to the early Apostle's successor there. This conclusion hardly accords well with Scottish tradition and history. Assuming it may be possible, neverthe- less, we shall proceed to deal with the materials which are still extant, for
notices of that celebrated missionary, who at a very early period brought a knowledge of the Christian religion among his pagan compatriots.
The name of Ninnio, Senior, or the Old, is set down, in the Martyrology
1 atthe of Heis 25th July.
tohavebeencalled
in order to distinguish him from a namesake, who succeeded in his place, and who obtained the designation of Nennio or Nennius, Junior. If so, it seems probable, that we must regard him as that reverend bishop and holy man of the British nation, whose Acts have been alluded to by Venerable Bede,» and who first brought the light of Christianity among the Southern Picts. Under different forms, the name of Ninio or Ninian may be found.
ofTallagh,
Article xiv. —*
thought
Senior,
"xxiv. Mach- Scotorum," it is thus entered —
:
liniae Rumoldi Archiepiscopi. Galesin. " Bishop Forbes' "Kalendars of Scottish Saints,"p. 206.
Article
1.
—Chapter
i.
—
l Edited by
In his "Menologium
3 See in the present Volume, Art. i.
Rev. Dr. Kelly, p. xxx. a"
See Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis An- gloruin," lib. iii. , cap. 4.
Senior,
July 25. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 365
He is called Nynia, by Venerable Bede 3 and by Alcuin ; again, he is named Nyniga,4 Ninia,s and Niniane. 6 It was Latinized Ninianus, after the time of
St. Ailred. It is known, that Monenn,7 Monein,8 or Maoineann,9 was another form of this name, and called Nenio, in Ireland ; the honorific prefix mo pre-
10
the Island of Bute, he is called Ningan.
ment of St. Ninian's name is to be found, under the forms of St. Trinyon and St. Triman.
There was an Irish Life of a St. Ninian, which connects him with Ire- land. 13 This however contains matter, which is irreconcilable with state- ments made in the Life of Ninian by St. Ailrid. A translation of that Life was made for the Bollandists, by Father Henry Fitz-simon ; but, these writers state, that it abounds in falsehoods, and they consider it to be very worthlessincharacter. x* AnearlybookontheLifeofNinniowaswrittenin theancientCelticorPictishlanguageofGalloway. Itisnotlikely,thatthis linguistic and biographical tract has been preserved. From such a source of information, his mediaeval biographer, Ailred,15 recast in a Latin form, and somewhat under the influence of mediaeval notions, another narrative, which has come down to our time. The Pictish Life appears to have been very closely followed in form and in matter. This early record formed the basis of a Life—probably a Latin translation only—and compiled towards the middle of the twelfth century, by that celebrated Abbot of the Monastery of Rievault, or Rievaux. 16 This biography has been lately translated into English, and learnedly edited *» from the best Manuscripts, by Right Rev. AlexanderPenroseForbes,D. C. L. ,ProtestantBishopofBrechin. Itisalso
18
to a common InvulgarScotch,thisholymanwasstyledSt. Ringanll orSt. Ringen. In
12
ceding
the
designation itself,
according
usage
of our
country.
illustrated with notes. This Life was first printed by John Pinkerton,
from
a beautiful
3 See ibid.
10 Manuscript, belonging
to the Bodleian at Oxford. Library,
Dublinii, 1639, 4to.
M See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus v. , Sep-
tembris xvi. De S. Niniano Episcopo, Pic- torum Austraniam Apostolo Candidac Casae in Scotia. Commentarius Historico-Criticus, sect, ii. , num. 18, p. 321.
'5 As may be seen, from his Prologue to
the Latin Life of St. Ninian, Ailred consi-
dered this to have been written in a barbar-
ous style.
