No More Learning

February 11th, the Reich signed and ended; February
15th, Prussia, Austria, Saxony; and the Third Silesian
or Seven-Years War was completely finished. *
It had cost, in loss of human lives first of all, no-
body can say what: according to Friedrich's computa-
tion, there had perished of actual fighters, on the
various fields, of all the nations, 853,000; of which
above the fifth part, or 180,000, is his own share:
and, by misery and ravage, the general Population of
Prussia finds itself 500,000 fewer; nearly the ninth
man missing. This is the expenditure of Life. Other
items are not worth enumerating, in comparison; if
statistically given, you can find the most approved
guesses at them by the same Head, who ought to be
an authority. ** It was a War distinguished by --
Archenholtz will tell you, with melodious emphasis,
what a distinguished, great, and thrice-greatest War it
was. There have since been other far bigger Wars,
-- if size were a measure of greatness; which it by no
means is! I believe there was excellent Heroism
shown in this War, by persons I could name; by one
person, Heroism really to be called superior, or, in its
kind, almost of the rank of supreme; -- and that in
regard to the Military Arts and Virtues, it has as yet,
for faculty and for performance, had no rival; nor is
likely soon to have. The Prussians, as we once men-
tioned, still use it as their school-model in those re-
spects. And we -- Oh readers, do not at least you
and I thank God to have now done with it! --
* Copy of the Treaty, in Helden-Geschichte, vn. 624 et seq. ; in Sey-
farth, Beulagen, in. 479-495; in Rousset, in Wenck, in &c. &c. ** (Enures de Frederic, y. 230-234; Preuss, m. 349-351.
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? 342 FRIEDRICH NOT TO BE OVERWHELMED. [book XX.
15th Feb. 1763.
Of the Peace-Treaties at Hubertsburg, Paris, and
other places, it is not necessary that we say almost
anything. They are to be found in innumerable Books,
dreary to the mind; and of the 158 Articles to be
counted there, not one could be interesting at present.
The substance of the whole lies now in Three Points,
not mentioned or contemplated at all in those Documents,
though repeatedly alluded to and intimated by us here.
The issue, as between Austria and Prussia, strives
to be, in all points, simply As-you-were; and, in all
outward or tangible points, strictly is so. After such
a tornado of strife as the civilised world had not wit-
nessed since the Thirty-Years War. Tornado springing
doubtless from the regions called Infernal; and darken-
ing the upper world from south to north, and from
east to west for Seven Years long;-- issuing in general
As-you-were! Yes truly, the tornado was Infernal;
but Heaven too had silently its purposes in it. Nor
is the mere expenditure of men's diabolic rages, in
mutual clash as of opposite electricities, with reduction
to equipoise, and restoration of zero and repose again
after seven years, the one or the principal result ar-
rived at. Inarticulately, little dreamt of at the time by any
by-stander, the results, on survey from this distance, are
visible as Threefold. Let us name them one other time:
1? . There is no taking of Silesia from this man;
no clipping of him down to the orthodox old limits;
he and his Country have palpably outgrown these.
Austria gives up the Problem: "We have lost Silesia! "
Yes; and, what you hardly yet know, -- and what, I
perceive, Friedrich himself still less knows, -- Teutsch-
land has found Prussia. Prussia, it seems, cannot be
conquered by the whole world trying to do it; Prussia
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? CHAP. XIII. ] PEACE OF HUBEETSBUHG. 343
lflth Feb. 1763.
has gone through its Fire-Baptism, to the satisfaction
of gods and men; and is a Nation henceforth. In and
of poor dislocated Teutschland, there is one of the
Great Powers of the World henceforth; an actual
Nation. And a Nation not grounding itself on extinct
Traditions, Wiggeries, Papistries, Immaculate Con-
ceptions; no, but on living Facts, -- Facts of Arith-
metic , Geometry, Gravitation, Martin Luther's Re-
formation, and what it really can believe in: -- to the
infinite advantage of said Nation and of poor Teutsch-
land henceforth. To be a Nation; and to believe as
you are convinced, instead of pretending to believe as
you are bribed or bullied by the devils about you;
what an advantage to parties concerned! If Prussia
follow its star -- As it really tries to do, in spite of
stumbling! For the sake of Germany, one hopes always
Prussia will; and that it may get through its various
Child-Diseases, without death: though it has "had sad
plunges and crises, -- and is perhaps just now in one
of its worst Influenzas, the Parliamentary-Eloquence
or Ballot-Box Influenza! One of the most dangerous
Diseases of National Adolescence; extremely prevalent
over the world at this time, -- indeed unavoidable,
for reasons obvious enough. "Sic itur ad astra;" all
Nations certain that the way to Heaven is By voting,
by eloquently wagging the tongue "within those walls! "
Diseases, real or imaginary, await Nations like in-
dividuals; and are not to be resisted, but must be sub-
mitted to, and got through the best you can. Measles
and mumps; you cannot prevent them in Nations
either. Nay fashions even; fashion of Crinoline, for
instance (how infinitely more, that of Ballot-Box and
Fourth-Estate! ),-- are you able to prevent even that?
You have to be patient under it, and keep Hoping I
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? 344 FRIEDRICH NOT TO BE OVERWHELMED. [book XX.
15th Feb. 1763.
2? . In regard to England. Her Jenkins's-Ear Controversy is at last settled. Not only liberty of the
Seas, but if she were not wiser, dominion of them;
guardianship of liberty for all others whatsoever: Do-
minion of the Seas for that wise object. America is
to be English, not French; what a result is that, were
there no other! Really a considerable Fact in the
History of the World. Fact principally due to Pitt,
as I believe, according to my best conjecture, and com-
parison of probabilities and circumstances. For which,
after all, is not everybody thankful, less or more? Oh
my English brothers, Oh my Yankee half-brothers,
how oblivious are we of those that have done us
benefit! --
These are the results for England. And in the
rear of these, had these and the other elements once
ripened for her, the poor Country is to get into such
merchandisings, colonisings, foreign-settlings, gold-
nuggetings, as lay beyond the drunkenest dreams of
Jenkins (supposing Jenkins addicted to liquor); --
and, in fact, to enter on a universal uproar of Ma-
chineries, Eldorados, "Unexampled Prosperities," which
make a great noise for themselves in the very days
now come. Prosperities evidently not of a sublime
type: which, in the mean while, seem to be covering
the at one time creditably clean and comely face of
England with mud-blotches, soot-blotches, miscellaneous
squalors and horrors; to be preaching into her amazed
heart, which once knew better, the omnipotence of
shoddy; filling her ears and soul with shriekery and
metallic clangour, mad noises, mad hurries mostly
nowhither; -- and are awakening, I suppose, in such
of her sons as still go into reflexion at all, a deeper
and more ominous set of Questions than have ever
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? CHAP. XIII. ] PEACE OF HT7BERTSBURG. 345
16th March 1763.
risen in England's History before. As in the fore-
going case, we have to be patient and keep hoping. 3? . In regard to France. It appears, noble old
Teutschland, with such pieties, and unconquerable
silent valours, such opulences human and divine, amid
its wreck of new and old confusions, is not to be cut
in Four, and made to dance to the piping'of Versailles
or another. Far the contrary! To Versailles itself,
there has gone forth, Versailles may read it or not,
the writing on the wall: "Thou art weighed in the
balance, and found wanting" (at last even "found
wanting")! France, beaten, stript, humiliated; sinful,
unrepentant, governed by mere sinners and, at best,
clever fools (fous pleins d'esprit), collapses, like a
creature whose limbs fail it; sinks into bankrupt
quiescence, into nameless fermentation, generally into
dry-rot. Rotting, none guesses whitherward; -- rotting
towards that thrice-extraordinary Spontaneous-Com-
bustion, which blazed out in 1789. And has kindled,
over the whole world, gradually or by explosion, this
unexpected Outburst of all the chained Devilries (among
other chained things), this roaring Conflagration of the
Anarchies; under which it is the lot of these poor
generations to live, -- for I know not what length of
Centuries yet. "Go into Combustion, my pretty child! "
the Destinies had said to this belle France, who is
always so fond of shining and outshining: "Self-Com-
bustion; -- in that way, won't you shine, as none of
them yet could? " Shine; yes, truly, -- till you are
got to caput mortuum, my pretty child (unless you gain
new wisdom! ) -- But not to wander farther:
Wednesday, March lQth, Friedrich, all Saxon things
being now settled, -- among the rest "eight Saxon
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? 346 FRIEDRICH NOT TO BE OVERWHELMED. [book XX.
30th March 1763.
Schoolmasters" to be a model in Prussia, -- quitted
Leipzig, with the Seven-Years War safe in his pocket,
as it were. Drove to Moritzburg, to dinner with the
amiable Kurprinz and still more amiable Wife; "It
was to your Highness that we owe this Treaty! " A
dinner, which readers may hear of again. At Moritz-
burg; where, with the Lacys, there was once such
rattling and battling. After which, rapidly on to Silesia,
and an eight days of adjusting and inspecting there.
Wednesday, March 30fA, Friedrich arrives inFrank-
furt-on-Oder, on the way homeward from Silesia:
"takes view of the Field of Kunersdorf" (reflexions to
be fancied); early in the afternoon, speeds forward
again; at one of the stages (place called Tassdorf),
has a Dialogue, which we shall hear of; and between
8 and 9 in the evening, not through the solemn re-
ceptions and crowded streets, drives to the Schloss of
Berlin. "Goes straight to the Queen's Apartment,"
Queen, Princesses and Court all home triumphantly
some time ago; sups there with the Queen's Majesty
and these bright creatures, -- beautiful supper, had it
consisted only of cresses and salt; and, behind it,
sound sleep to us under our own rooftree once more. *
Next day, "the King made gifts to," as it were, to
everybody; "to the Queen about 5,000/. , to the Princess
"Amelia 1,000/. ," and so on; and saw true hearts all
merry round him,--merrier, perhaps, than his own was.
* ROdenbeck, n. 211, 212; Preuss, n. 3d5, 346; &c. &c.
END OF VOL. XD.
FBIKTINQ OFFICE OF THE PUBLISHER.
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History of Friedrich II. of Prussia, called Frederick the Great. By
Thomas Carlyle.
Carlyle, Thomas, 1795-1881. Leipzig, B. Tauchnitz, 1858-1865.
http://hdl. handle. net/2027/hvd. hwiijf
Public Domain, Google-digitized
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? COLLECTION
OF
BRITISH AUTHORS.
VOL. 765.
FREDERICK THE GREAT BY THOMAS CARLYLE. '
VOL. XI.
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? HISTORY
OF
FRIEDRICH II. OF PRUSSIA,
CALLED
FREDERICK THE GREAT.
I! Y
THOMAS CARLYLE.
COPYRIGHT EDITION.
VOL. XI.
LEIPZIG
BEENHAKD TAUCHNITZ
1865.
- The Right of Translation is reserved.
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? Ger M-27 5-. gr. H 00,
i~ *j
/^HARVARD
UNIVERSITY
LIRRARY
FEE 23 1959
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? CONTENTS
OF VOLUME XI.
BOOK XVIII.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT. 1757-1759.
(Continued. )
CHAPTER PAGE
XIII. BAttle of Zoendorf 1
Theseus and the Minotaur over again, --that is to say,
Friedrich at Handgrips with Fermor and his Russians
(25th August 1758), p. 15.
XIV. BAttle op Sochkirch 33
Daun and the Reichs Army invade Saxony in Friedrich's
Absence, p. 34.
Friedrich intervening, Daun draws back; entrenches
himself, in Neighbourhood to Dresden and Pirna;
Friedrich following him. Four Armies standing
there, in dead Lock, for a Month; with Issue, a
Flank March on the Part of Friedrich's Army, --
which halts at Hochkirch (September 12th --October
10th, 1758), 37. What actually befel at Hochkirch (Saturday, 14th October
1758), 47.
Sequel of Hochkirch; the Campaign ends in a Way sur-
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? VI CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI.
prising to an attentive Public (22d October -- 20th
November 1758), 66.
Friedrich marches, enigmatically, not on Glogau, but on
Keichenbach andGorlitz ; toDaun's astonishment, 66.
Feldmarschall Daun and the Reichs Army try some Siege
of Dresden (9th-16th November), 69.
BOOK XIX.
FRIEDRICH LIKE TO BE OVERWHELMED IN THE SEVEN-
YEARS WAR. 1759-1760.
CHAPTER PAOR
I. PbeliminAeies to A Fourth CAmpAign . . . . 81
Of the Small-War in Spring 1759. There are Five Disrup-
tions of that grand Cordon (February -- April); and
Ferdinand of Brunswick fights his Battle of Bergen
(April 13th), p. 95.
II. GenebAl DohnA; DictAtor Wedell: BAttle op
ZullichAu 1^0
Dictator Wedell fights his Battle (Monday, 23d July 1759),
without Success, p. 126.
III. Fbiedbich in Person Attempts the RussiAn Pbob-
lem; not with Success 133
IV. BAttle op Kunebsdobf 153
V. SAxony without Defence: SchmettAu subbendebs
Deesden 188
The "Reichs Army" so-called has entered Saxony, under
fine Omens; does some Feats of Sieging (August
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? CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI. VII
CHAPTER PAGE
7th-23d), -- with an Eye on Dresden as the crowning
one, p. 202.
Austrian-Reichs Army does its crowning Feat (August
26th -- September 4th): Diary of what is called the
"Siege" of Dresden, 209.
VI. Prince Henri mAkes A MArch op Fifty Hours;
the RussiAns cAnnot find Lodging in
SilesiA 230
Dunn , Soltikof and Company again have a Colloquy
(Bautzen, September 15th): after which Everybody
starts on his special Course of Action, p. 237. Four Letters of Friedrich's (10th-24th September), 240. Friedrich manages (September 24th -- October 24th) to
get the Russians sent home; and Himself falls lamed
with Gout, 250.
VII- Friedrich reAppeArs on the Field, And in Seven
DAys After comes the CAtAstrophe of
MAxen 267
VIII. MiscellAneA in Winter-quArters, 1759-60 . . 284
Serene Highness of WUrtemberg, at Fulda (November
30th, 1759), is just about " firing Victoria," and giving
a Ball to Beauty and Fashion, in Honour of a certain
Event; -- but is unpleasantly interrupted, p. 286. What is Perpetual President Maupertuis doing all this
While? Is he still in Berlin; or where in the Uni-
verse is he? Alas, poor Maupertuis! 290.
Grand French Invasion-Scheme comes entirely to Wreck
(Quiberon Bay, 20th November 1759): of Controller-
General Silhouette, and the Outlooks of France,
financial and other, 293.
Friedrich, strange to say, publishes (March--June 1760)
an Edition of his Poems. Question, "Who wrote
Matinees tin Hoi de PrusseV -- for the second, and
positively the last Time, 300.
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? Vin CONTENTS OF VOLUME XI.
CHAPTER PAGE
Peace - Negotiations hopeful to Friedrich, all through
Winter; but the French won't. Voltaire, and his
Style of Corresponding, 307.
Friedrich has sent Lord Marischal to Spain: other fond
Hopes ofFriedrich's, 327.
IX. PreliminAries to A Fifth CAmpAign 332
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? BOOK XVIII.
SEVEN-YEARS WAR RISES TO A HEIGHT.
1757-1759.
(contInued. )
Carlyle, Frederick the Great. XI,
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