No More Learning

The extant "Contest", however, has clearly
combined with the original document much other ill-digested matter on
the life and descent of Homer, probably drawing on the same general
sources as does the Herodotean "Life of Homer". Its scope is as follows:
1) the descent (as variously reported) and relative dates of Homer and
Hesiod; 2) their poetical contest at Chalcis; 3) the death of Hesiod;
4) the wanderings and fortunes of Homer, with brief notices of the
circumstances under which his reputed works were composed, down to the
time of his death.

The whole tract is, of course, mere romance; its only values are 1)
the insight it give into ancient speculations about Homer; 2) a certain
amount of definite information about the Cyclic poems; and 3) the epic
fragments included in the stichomythia of the "Contest" proper, many of
which--did we possess the clue--would have to be referred to poems of
the Epic Cycle.




BIBLIOGRAPHY

HESIOD. --The classification and numerations of MSS. here followed is
that of Rzach (1913). It is only necessary to add that on the whole
the recovery of Hesiodic papyri goes to confirm the authority of the
mediaeval MSS. At the same time these fragments have produced much that
is interesting and valuable, such as the new lines, "Works and Days"
169 a-d, and the improved readings ib. 278, "Theogony" 91, 93. Our
chief gains from papyri are the numerous and excellent fragments of the
Catalogues which have been recovered.

"Works and Days":--

S Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1090.
A Vienna, Rainer Papyri L. P. 21-9 (4th cent. ).
B Geneva, Naville Papyri Pap. 94 (6th cent. ).
C Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2771 (11th cent. ).
D Florence, Laur. xxxi 39 (12th cent. ).
E Messina, Univ. Lib. Preexistens 11 (12th-13th cent. ).
F Rome, Vatican 38 (14th cent. ).
G Venice, Marc. ix 6 (14th cent. ).
H Florence, Laur. xxxi 37 (14th cent. ).
I Florence, Laur. xxxii 16 (13th cent. ).
K Florence, Laur. xxxii 2 (14th cent. ).
L Milan, Ambros. G 32 sup. (14th cent. ).
M Florence, Bibl. Riccardiana 71 (15th cent. ).
N Milan, Ambros. J 15 sup. (15th cent. ).
O Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2773 (14th cent. ).
P Cambridge, Trinity College (Gale MS. ), O. 9. 27 (13th-14th
cent. ).
Q Rome, Vatican 1332 (14th cent. ).

These MSS. are divided by Rzach into the following families,
issuing from a common original:--

{Omega}a = C
{Omega}b = F,G,H
{Psi}a = D
{Psi}b = I,K,L,M
{Phi}a = E
{Phi}b = N,O,P,Q


"Theogony":--

N Manchester, Rylands GK. Papyri No. 54 (1st cent. B. C. --1st
cent. A. D. ).
O Oxyrhynchus Papyri 873 (3rd cent. ).
A Paris, Bibl. Nat. Suppl. Graec. (papyrus) 1099 (4th-5th
cent. ).
B London, British Museam clix (4th cent. ).
R Vienna, Rainer Papyri L. P. 21-9 (4th cent. ).
C Paris, Bibl. Nat. Suppl. Graec. 663 (12th cent. ).
D Florence, Laur. xxxii 16 (13th cent. ).
E Florence, Laur. , Conv. suppr. 158 (14th cent. ).
F Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2833 (15th cent. ).
G Rome, Vatican 915 (14th cent. ).
H Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2772 (14th cent. ).
I Florence, Laur. xxxi 32 (15th cent. ).
K Venice, Marc. ix 6 (15th cent. ).
L Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2708 (15th cent. ).

These MSS. are divided into two families:

{Omega}a = C,D
{Omega}b = E,F
{Omega}c = G,H,I
{Psi} = K,L


"Shield of Heracles":--

P Oxyrhynchus Papyri 689 (2nd cent. ).
A Vienna, Rainer Papyri L. P. 21-29 (4th cent. ).
Q Berlin Papyri, 9774 (1st cent. ).
B Paris, Bibl. Nat. , Suppl. Graec. 663 (12th cent. ).
C Paris, Bibl. Nat. , Suppl. Graec. 663 (12th cent. ).
D Milan, Ambros. C 222 (13th cent. ).
E Florence, Laur. xxxii 16 (13th cent. ).
F Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2773 (14th cent. ).
G Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2772 (14th cent. ).
H Florence, Laur. xxxi 32 (15th cent. ).
I London, British Museaum Harleianus (14th cent. ).
K Rome, Bibl. Casanat. 356 (14th cent. )
L Florence, Laur. Conv. suppr. 158 (14th cent. ).
M Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2833 (15th cent. ).

These MSS. belong to two families:

{Omega}a = B,C,D,F
{Omega}b = G,H,I
{Psi}a = E
{Psi}b = K,L,M

To these must be added two MSS. of mixed family:

N Venice, Marc. ix 6 (14th cent. ).
O Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2708 (15th cent. ).


Editions of Hesiod:--

Demetrius Chalcondyles, Milan (? ) 1493 (? ) ("editio princeps",
containing, however, only the "Works and Days").
Aldus Manutius (Aldine edition), Venice, 1495 (complete works).
Juntine Editions, 1515 and 1540.
Trincavelli, Venice, 1537 (with scholia).

Of modern editions, the following may be noticed:--

Gaisford, Oxford, 1814-1820; Leipzig, 1823 (with scholia: in
Poett. Graec. Minn II).
Goettling, Gotha, 1831 (3rd edition. Leipzig, 1878).
Didot Edition, Paris, 1840.
Schomann, 1869.
Koechly and Kinkel, Leipzig, 1870.
Flach, Leipzig, 1874-8.
Rzach, Leipzig, 1902 (larger edition), 1913 (smaller edition).
On the Hesiodic poems generally the ordinary Histories of Greek
Literature may be consulted, but especially the "Hist. de la Litterature
Grecque" I pp. 459 ff. of MM. Croiset. The summary account in Prof.
Murray's "Anc. Gk. Lit. " is written with a strong sceptical bias. Very
valuable is the appendix to Mair's translation (Oxford, 1908) on "The
Farmer's Year in Hesiod". Recent work on the Hesiodic poems is reviewed
in full by Rzach in Bursian's "Jahresberichte" vols. 100 (1899) and 152
(1911).

For the "Fragments" of Hesiodic poems the work of Markscheffel, "Hesiodi
Fragmenta" (Leipzig, 1840), is most valuable: important also is Kinkel's
"Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta" I (Leipzig, 1877) and the editions of
Rzach noticed above. For recently discovered papyrus fragments see
Wilamowitz, "Neue Bruchstucke d. Hesiod Katalog" (Sitzungsb. der k.
preuss. Akad. fur Wissenschaft, 1900, pp. 839-851). A list of papyri
belonging to lost Hesiodic works may here be added: all are the
"Catalogues".

1) Berlin Papyri 7497 [1201] (2nd cent. ). --Frag. 7.
2) Oxyrhynchus Papyri 421 (2nd cent. ). --Frag. 7.
3) "Petrie Papyri" iii 3. --Frag. 14.
4) "Papiri greci e latine", No. 130 (2nd-3rd cent. ). --Frag.
14.
5) Strassburg Papyri, 55 (2nd cent. ). --Frag. 58.
6) Berlin Papyri 9739 (2nd cent. ). --Frag. 58.
7) Berlin Papyri 10560 (3rd cent. ). --Frag. 58.
8) Berlin Papyri 9777 (4th cent. ). --Frag. 98.
9) "Papiri greci e latine", No. 131 (2nd-3rd cent. ). --Frag.
99.
10) Oxyrhynchus Papyri 1358-9.


The Homeric Hymns:--The text of the Homeric hymns is distinctly bad in
condition, a fact which may be attributed to the general neglect under
which they seem to have laboured at all periods previously to the
Revival of Learning. Very many defects have been corrected by the
various editions of the Hymns, but a considerable number still defy all
efforts; and especially an abnormal number of undoubted lacuna disfigure
the text. Unfortunately no papyrus fragment of the Hymns has yet
emerged, though one such fragment ("Berl. Klassikertexte" v. 1. pp. 7
ff. ) contains a paraphrase of a poem very closely parallel to the "Hymn
to Demeter".

The mediaeval MSS. [1202] are thus enumerated by Dr. T. W. Allen:--

A Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2763.
At Athos, Vatopedi 587.
B Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2765.
C Paris, Bibl. Nat. 2833.
{Gamma} Brussels, Bibl. Royale 11377-11380 (16th cent. ).
D Milan, Amrbos. B 98 sup.
E Modena, Estense iii E 11.
G Rome, Vatican, Regina 91 (16th cent. ).
H London, British Mus. Harley 1752.
J Modena, Estense, ii B 14.
K Florence, Laur. 31, 32.
L Florence, Laur. 32, 45.
L2 Florence, Laur. 70, 35.
L3 Florence, Laur. 32, 4.
M Leyden (the Moscow MS. ) 33 H (14th cent. ).
Mon. Munich, Royal Lib. 333 c.
N Leyden, 74 c.
O Milan, Ambros. C 10 inf.
P Rome, Vatican Pal. graec. 179.
{Pi} Paris, Bibl. Nat. Suppl. graec. 1095.
Q Milan, Ambros. S 31 sup.
R1 Florence, Bibl. Riccard. 53 K ii 13.
R2 Florence, Bibl. Riccard. 52 K ii 14.
S Rome, Vatican, Vaticani graec. 1880.
T Madrid, Public Library 24.
V Venice, Marc. 456.

The same scholar has traced all the MSS. back to a common parent from
which three main families are derived (M had a separate descent and is
not included in any family):--

x1 = E,T
x2 = L,{Pi},(and more remotely) At,D,S,H,J,K.
y = E,L,{Pi},T (marginal readings).
p = A,B,C,{Gamma},G,L2,L3,N,O,P,Q,R1,R2,V,Mon.


Editions of the Homeric Hymns, & c. :--

Demetrius Chalcondyles, Florence, 1488 (with the "Epigrams" and
the "Battle of the Frogs and Mice" in the "ed. pr. " of
Homer).
Aldine Edition, Venice, 1504.
Juntine Edition, 1537.
Stephanus, Paris, 1566 and 1588.

More modern editions or critical works of value are:

Martin (Variarum Lectionum libb. iv), Paris, 1605.
Barnes, Cambridge, 1711.
Ruhnken, Leyden, 1782 (Epist. Crit. and "Hymn to Demeter").
Ilgen, Halle, 1796 (with "Epigrams" and the "Battle of the Frogs
and Mice").
Matthiae, Leipzig, 1806 (with the "Battle of the Frogs and
Mice").
Hermann, Berling, 1806 (with "Epigrams").
Franke, Leipzig, 1828 (with "Epigrams" and the "Battle of the
Frogs and Mice").
Dindorff (Didot edition), Paris, 1837.
Baumeister ("Battle of the Frogs and Mice"), Gottingen, 1852.
Baumeister ("Hymns"), Leipzig, 1860.
Gemoll, Leipzig, 1886.
Goodwin, Oxford, 1893.
Ludwich ("Battle of the Frogs and Mice"), 1896.
Allen and Sikes, London, 1904.
Allen (Homeri Opera v), Oxford, 1912.

Of these editions that of Messrs Allen and Sikes is by far the best:
not only is the text purged of the load of conjectures for which the
frequent obscurities of the Hymns offer a special opening, but the
Introduction and the Notes throughout are of the highest value. For a
full discussion of the MSS. and textual problems, reference must be made
to this edition, as also to Dr. T. W. Allen's series of articles in the
"Journal of Hellenic Studies" vols. xv ff. Among translations those of
J. Edgar (Edinburgh), 1891) and of Andrew Lang (London, 1899) may be
mentioned.


The Epic Cycle:--

The fragments of the Epic Cycle, being drawn from a variety of authors,
no list of MSS. can be given. The following collections and editions may
be mentioned:--

Muller, Leipzig, 1829.
Dindorff (Didot edition of Homer), Paris, 1837-56.
Kinkel (Epicorum Graecorum Fragmenta i), Leipzig, 1877.
Allen (Homeri Opera v), Oxford, 1912.

The fullest discussion of the problems and fragments of the epic cycle
is F. G. Welcker's "der epische Cyclus" (Bonn, vol. i, 1835: vol. ii,
1849: vol. i, 2nd edition, 1865). The Appendix to Monro's "Homer's
Odyssey" xii-xxiv (pp. 340 ff. ) deals with the Cyclic poets in relation
to Homer, and a clear and reasonable discussion of the subject is to be
found in Croiset's "Hist. de la Litterature Grecque", vol. i.


On Hesiod, the Hesiodic poems and the problems which these offer
see Rzach's most important article "Hesiodos" in Pauly-Wissowa,
"Real-Encyclopadie" xv (1912).

A discussion of the evidence for the date of Hesiod is to be found in
"Journ. Hell. Stud. " xxxv, 85 ff. (T. W. Allen).

Of translations of Hesiod the following may be noticed:--"The Georgicks
of Hesiod", by George Chapman, London, 1618; "The Works of Hesiod
translated from the Greek", by Thomas Coocke, London, 1728; "The Remains
of Hesiod translated from the Greek into English Verse", by Charles
Abraham Elton; "The Works of Hesiod, Callimachus, and Theognis", by the
Rev. J. Banks, M. A. ; "Hesiod", by Prof. James Mair, Oxford, 1908 [1203].




THE WORKS OF HESIOD


WORKS AND DAYS (832 lines)

(ll.