is
of no
It
by
on
of a
of of of of on
in
by to of of
by
of
at
of
of
of
of
at
upa
of
of of
on
go
a in;
of
to so
as
at
of
he to in
as
to at
of
at
of
in to of in of
he
at
a on of go
inaAt an toof
to
of
all
to on
in
in
of
in
English nobles, and of Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, his intercessors, came before Hugh O'Conor and
the lord justice, and entered into terms of peace and protection for his people and property, on
his chief officers and soldiers, for could depend only few the Conacians.
of no
It
by
on
of a
of of of of on
in
by to of of
by
of
at
of
of
of
of
at
upa
of
of of
on
go
a in;
of
to so
as
at
of
he to in
as
to at
of
at
of
in to of in of
he
at
a on of go
inaAt an toof
to
of
all
to on
in
in
of
in
English nobles, and of Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, his intercessors, came before Hugh O'Conor and
the lord justice, and entered into terms of peace and protection for his people and property, on
his chief officers and soldiers, for could depend only few the Conacians.
Four Masters - Annals of Ireland
Cuchonnacht, signifies the warrior Connaught, and was favourite maine the Mac Guires, chiefs Fermanagh. This name has been anglicised into Conor, and Constantine.
Domhnall, pronounced Don-all, and anglicised Daniel, name kings and chiefs, became also surname, the great family the O'Donnells, princes Tirconnell.
Donnoch, Donnchu, name kings and chiefs, frequent
among the O'Briens, derived probably from Donn, brown, and Cu, warrior, therefore might signify the brown-haired warrior. The name pronounced Donogh, and anglicised Denis. has also
become surname, the clans the Mac Donoghs, and O'Donoghoes.
Diarmaid, Diarmuid, name kings and chiefs, which,
Brian, a name of kings and chiefs, derived from Bri, strength,
and an, very great, that warrior
been anglicised into Bryan and Bernard. the great family the O'Briens, kings
great strength.
has become Thomond,
has surname derived
Blosgach, the name chief, signifies smasher. This has become the surname Mac Closkey, clan Derry.
strong man, Mac Blosgaidh,
latinised Eochadius, Achadius, and Achaius,
and chiefs, derived from Each Eoch, signifies horseman knight.
name many kings steed, and therefore
Cathal, frequent name kings and chiefs, signifies great warrior, from Cath, battle, and all, great.
Cathaoir, Cathair, also frequent name kings and chiefs, has similar signification from Cath, battle, and ar, slaughter.
Eachmarcach, and Eachmilidh, names chiefs, have similar signification, the first derived from Each, steed, and mar
cach, rider; the second from Each, steed, and Milidh, knight.
Eigneachan, derived from Eigean, force, and Neach, person, and may signify plundering chief.
Eogan, name kings and chiefs, signifies young man
youthful warrior. This name has beenanglicised into Owen and Eugene, Latin, Eugenius. was favourite name the
O'Neills, from their ancestor Eogan, son Niall the Hostages, monarch of Ireland.
Feidhlim, Feidhlimidh, name kings and chiefs, which, according Cormac's Glossary, signifies great goodness, and probably derived from Feile, hospitality, hence may signify man hospitality. The name pronounced Felim, Phelim, and has beenanglicised Felix.
Feargal, name kings and chiefs, derived from Fear, man,
and gal, valour, hence signifying valiant warrior. has become surname, O'Feargail, O'Ferralls, princes Anally. This
was favourite Christian name the O'Ferralls, O'Rourkes, and O'Reillys.
Feargus, Fergus, frequent name kings and chiefs, derived from Fear, man, and gus, strength, hence signifies strong warrior.
Fiacha, frequent name kings and chiefs from the earliest ages, and derived from Fiacha, hunter, which probably had its origin from the occupation amusement hunting, frequent early times. Nimrod for instance, the Scriptures,
mentioned mighty hunter.
Flann, name kings and chiefs, word which signifies
G
the pronunciation these names the pronounced Cah-al and Cah-ir. may
silent, and they are remarked that both
these names have been absurdly anglicised into Charles.
Cormac, name kings and chiefs, signifies the son the Chariot, from corb, chariot, and mac, son. Cairbre, fre quent name kings and chiefs, probably derived from the same source, corb, chariot, and Ri, king, hence may signify the
chief or ruler of the chariot. *
Conn, name
wisdom sense;
figuratively applied
Con. This was favourite name with the chiefs of the
kings and chiefs, may derived from Conn, from Cu, which signifies hound, and was warrior, the genitive case Cu makes
O'Neills, from Conn the Hundred Battles, monarch Ireland, one of their ancestors.
Conall, name kings and chiefs, derived either from Comall, friendship, from Cu, making the genitive Con, signifying warrior, and all, mighty, instance which may given the famous warrior Conall Cearnach, Conall the Victorious.
Cathbhar, pronounced Cah-war, was favourite name amongst the chiefs the O’Donnells, and signifies helmeted-warrior,
from Cathbhar, and Barr, chief.
helmet, perhaps from Cath, war
battle,
fre
Conchubhar,
quent name kings and chiefs, derived from Cu Con, war rior, and Cobhair, aid hence signifies the helping warrior. This name has been anglicised into Conor, and latinised Cornelius.
Conchobhar, pronounced Con-coo-rar,
REIGN OF HENRY III. 41
Hugh O'Conor, (Cathal Crovdearg’s son), commanded the eyes of the son of O’Monaghan succeeded immediately, without opposition, as king to be put out, because he had committed a rape, of Connaught, for he held the hostages of and the hands and feet of another to be cut off, Connaught previous to his father's death. because he had committed a robbery.
Art, a name of kings and chiefs, derived from Art, noble. was a frequent name amongst the O'Neills. It has been anglicised to Arthur.
It
derived from Dia, god, and Armaid, Arm, arms, the word thus signifying god
arms, epithet
word Bran signifying Raven, and Dubh, black. The O’Brains one Homer's heroes, Dios Krateros Diomedes, the god-like
from their ancestor, Brian Boroimhe. Brandubh, the name king Leinster
the sixth century, his hair, the
according O'Brien, the genitive plural
applied warrior equivalent that
signifying the Black Raven, from the colour
O'Byrnes, chiefs Wicklow, derived their descent from this king.
fighting Diomede. This name has also become surname, Mac Diarmada, Mac Dermotts, princes Moylurg.
Eochaidh, pronounced Eochy, Eohy, anglicised Achy, and
of
a of of or asof as
a
ofa ofof ofof
of
is
a
of a ofof oforof ofIt
a oraas
aofor aaa
of ofora
or a of a of a
tooraof ainofof
; ofa of a
or
aa in
of of
asa
It
of aIt
of It of
a a tis
a be be ofa in
a
orbe of
aof a
a toora
a
of a of is
a a is a
ainaasatoina isanto
is a or a
as a
or or or or
a or of
be orin In
of of
an a a is,
or ofa it orin as a of
a
of
or
a ato isin of
or a of of ofa a
ofaisIt to aofofa ora orora of a
ofaaaofa asofofas in it aof in in
of
of of a aor of
of
itIt of It as
or a to a
a
asoa aisoraaasof
a as aof in
of
42 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1224.
Doncathach, son of Aireactach O’Rody, chief Mahon, son of Carney O’Kerin, lord of Ciar of Clan Tomaltaidh, died on his pilgrimage at raidhe of Lough-na-nairneadh,” died.
Tobur Patrick. ”
Maoilseachlin, son of Teige O'Kelly, lord of
Hy Maine, died.
Giolla-na-neev Crom O’Shaughnessy, lord of
The corn was unreaped till the festival of St. Brid get, when the ploughing commenced (a delay), occa sioned by war, and the inclemency of the weather.
Maurice Fitzgerald,” from whom are descended the western half of Kinel Hugh of Echtgi, the Geraldines of Kildare and Desmond, founded
died.
Donal O'Kelly, lord of Hy Maine, died. Cucanan O’Concanan died.
red complexion. It has become a surname, as O'Flainn, or
O'Flynns, of whom there were several clans, and the O'Flanagans are derived from the same source. o
a monastery at Youghal, in the diocese of Cluan insi-Mumhan (Cloyne), for friars of the order of
Fionn, the name of kings and chiefs, signifies fair-haired, and the word is prefixed to many names.
the Hy Nialls, who were descended from Niall of the Hostages, monarch of Ireland.
Rudhraighe, or Ruadhraighe, a name of kings and chiefs, may be derived either from Ruadh, valiant, and Righ, a king ; or, Ruadh, red, and Righ, a king, and may therefore signify the valiant king, or the red-haired king. This name has been anglicised to Rory and Roderick.
Toirdhealbhach, pronounced Torlogh, a name of kings and chiefs, derived from Tor, a tower, and dealbhach, form, signifying a man of tower-like stature. This name has been anglicised to Terence.
Tomaltach, a name of chiefs, derived from Tomailt, provisions, or good living, hence signified a man of hospitality. It has been anglicised to Thomas
Tuathal, pronounced Tua-hal, a name of kings and chiefs, derived from Tuatha, territories, that man possessed large landed property, lordship, has become surname, O'Tuathail, O'Toole.
Tighearman, Tiarnan, aname chiefs, derived from Tiarna,
lord. This was favourite name among the chiefs of the O'Rourkes. also became surname, Mac Tiernan, Mac
Flaithbheartach, pronounced Flaherty, the name of chiefs. This word, which may appear in the Irish to have an uncouth sound, is really a euphonious name, of expressive signification, being derived from Flaith, a chief, and beartach, of deeds, and may, therefore, signify a chief of noble deeds. It has become a sur name, as of the O'Flahertys, chiefs of West Connaught.
St. Francis.
-
Guaire, a name of kings and chiefs, which signified noble or ex
cellent. Guaire, an ancient king of Connaught, was celebrated for his hospitality.
Gearrmaide, a name of some chiefs, derived from Gearr,
short, and maide, a stick, which might signify the chief of the
short cudgel: the first probably who obtainedthis was distinguished for his stick-fighting.
Giolla. This word is prefixed to many names, chiefly to those
of ecclesiastics, and signifies a servant, or disciple, for instance
Giolla-an-choimhdhe, signifying the servant of the Trinity, from Kernan.
Coimhde, the Trinity; Giolla-Iosa, the servant of Jesus; a name Tadhg, Teige, frequent name, signified originally, poet.
which has been latinised into Gelasius; Giolla-Criost, the servant of Christ; Giolla-Muire, the servant of the Virgin Mary; Giolla na-naomh, pronounced Giolla-na-neev, signifying the servant of the saints; Giolla-Peadair, or the servant of St. Peter; Giolla-Poil, or servant of St. Paul; Giolla-Michil, the servant of St. Michael; Giolla-Patraig, the servant of St. Patrick; Giolla Coluim, or servant of St. Columkille; Giolla-Brighde, the servant of St. Bridget; Giolla-Ciarain, the servant of St. Kiaran; Giolla Caomhain, the servant of St. Kevin; Giolla-Easbuig, the servant of the bishop, &c.
Maol is also prefixed chiefly to the names of ecclesiastics, and
signifies a bald or tonsured person, who became the spiritual ser
Ualgarg, name chiefs amongst the O'Rourkes, derived from Uaill, famous, and garg, fierce, signifying famous and fierce warrior.
few names women may here given specimens, for instance, Bebinn, derived from Be, woman, and binn, melodious.
Feithfailge, beautiful and fanciful name, derived from Feith, vant of some saint, as for instance Maol-Iosa, or the servant of honey-suckle, and failge, rings, hence signifies honey
Jesus; Maol-Muire, or the servant of the Virgin Mary; Maol
Peadair, or the servant of St. Peter; Maol-Poil, or the servant of St. Paul; Maol-Patraig, or the servant of St. Patrick; Maol
Coluim, or the servant of St. Columkille, a name known as Mal colm, and which was borne by many of the kings of Scotland.
Maolseachlain, signifying the servant of St. Sechnall, or Seach lan, was a name frequent amongst the kings and chiefs of Meath, of the Hy Nialls. This name has been anglicised to Malachy;
it also became a surname of that clan, under the name O'Melaghlin.
suckle ringlets.
Fionnghuala, signifies fair-shouldered woman, from Fiom,
white, and guala, shoulders. This name has been anglicised
-
rosy complexioned beauty.
wine rosy complexioned woman.
Ciarraidhe-Loch-na-nairneadh, which O'Flaherty calls Kerry, Loch Mairne, lay the parish Aghamore, barony
Costello, county Mayo.
Maurice Fitzgerald. The Fitzgeralds trace their descent from the dukes Tuscany. Some the family, from Florence,
settled Normandy, and came from thence England with Wil liam the Conqueror. Maurice Fitzgerald came Ireland with Robert Fitzstephen, and other Anglo-Norman chiefs, A. D. 1169, and assisted Strongbow the reduction Ireland. He thus described from Cambrensis and Holingshed:—“A man was,
Maolmordha, a name which has been anglicised to
Myles,
or
common. Tobar grimage, the
Miles, was a favourite name of the chiefs of the O'Reillys. Muircheartach, a frequent name of chiefs, may be derived from Muir, the sea, and ceart, a right, hence might'signify a naval warrior, or a chief establishing his rights at sea. The name has
been anglicised to Murtogh.
Muireadhach, a name of kings and chiefs, which may also be
derived from Muir, the sea, and Eadhach, a protector, a name
equivalent to that of admiral. It has been anglicised Morogh, and Maurice.
Niall, a name of many kings and chiefs, derived from Niadh, a champion, or mailed knight, and all, noble, hence signifies a noble knight, or armed champion. This became the tribe-name of
Mayo, where O'Maigin, A. D. 1225.
Barraubh, dubh, dark.
Dearforgail, from Dear,
dark-haired woman, from Barr, the hair, and
Dervorgil, signifies purely fair daughter, daughter, and forgil, purely fair.
Dubhdeasa,
Dubh, dark, and deas, beautiful.
Penelope.
Flanna, signifies red Lasairfhiona, signifies Mor, frequent name
-
Dudeasa, signifies dark-haired beauty, from
women,signifies fine majestic woman. Clan Tomaltaidh, district, according O’Dugan, the ter ritory Croaghan Connaught, the present county Ros Padraig St. Patrick's well, place pil parish Annagh, barony Costello, county
church was founded by the abbot Maolbrighde
heis
of of
or
to asa
in
. a of of or of aora a
to
of or as aaa
of
a
aa 7. 6. 5. A
of of
in of ofa of
inin aaoror
ofa aoraItor or of
ofina aa
inorof a
in
or
be
a of
of a a to of to it
as
is, a
in
aa
as
of
A. D. 1225.
REIGN OF HENRY III. 43
Mac Oireachty turned against Hugh O'Conor,
WLAVE O’BEO the Siol Murray, and the people West Con LAN, naught, headed by Hugh O'Flaherty, lord
aircineach of West Connaught, and the Irish the province,
Drumcliff, a learned except Mac Dermott (Cormac, son Tomaltach),
man, and a Biatach,' rose opposition him. As O’Neill, did
died.
O’Mulbrenan, abbot Murray, from whence
the middle Siol proceeded the wood
not halt until arrived
of the monastery of Athlone, where remained encamped for two
Boyle, died from the accidental effects of
bloodletting. Maolbrighde O’Mai
nights the mill Guanach, until devastated
Lough Nen, from which carried away the treasures of O’Conor. From thence he marched
Carn Fraoich,” where Torlogh, son Roderick gin, abbot of Tobar O'Conor, was inaugurated O’Neill and his
patrick, a son of purity party; for the clans, except the supporters
and wisdom, died. Hugh, namely, Mac Dermott, David O'Flynn, Hefounded the church and few others, gave their support the sons
) of Tobarpatrick, which of Roderick.
sanctuary and crosses, The son Cathal Crovdearg then came
-
he completed, with
great pains, and dedicated honour St. resolution repair the English, the castle Patrick, the Virgin Mary, and the Apostles. Athlone; and happened fortunately for him
Giolla-an-Choimde Mac Giollacharraidh, dig that the English nobility Ireland were then
nified priest, and parson Taughboine, died. Dionisius O’Mulkiaran, aircineach Ardcarne,
died.
Giollacoirpthe O’Mugroin died, and was inter The English received him gladly, and
the English. remained
red Cong St. Feichin. with them for some time, very friendly terms. O'Neill mustered powerful force, and marched The lord justice, and many the English nobility,
into Connaught, aid the sons Roderick gave him their support, and were joined O'Conor, namely, Torlogh and Hugh, the Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, and O’Melaghlin,
instance Duinnoig Mac Oireachtaidh (Mac Geraghty), head chief Siol Murray (Roscom mon), revenged O'Conor (Hugh), who
(lord Meath), with their forces.
The people Moy Ai, and those the Tuatha Connaught, (in Roscommon), having received had dispossessed him his territory; but when intelligence the muster the forces, fled, with
both honest and wise, and for truth and valour very noble and famous, man his word, constant mind, and certain bash fulness, well coloured, and good countenance, middle stature, and compact all points, courteous, gentle, and moderate, pattern sobriety and good behaviour; man few words; his speeches more full wit and reason than words; more wisdom he had than eloquence; martial affairs bold, stout, and valiant, and yet not hasty run headlong into any adventure, but when attempt was once taken hand, he would strictly pur sue and follow the same. ” He was appointed chief governor Ireland, A. D. 1173, Henry II. , and and his descendantsgot large grants lands Leinster and Munster, chiefly the coun ties Kildare, Wicklow, Wexford, Cork, and Kerry. He died A. D. 1177, and was buried the abbey the Grey Friars Wexford. From him was descendedthe above Maurice Fitzgerald, and the noble family the Fitzgeralds, one the most distin guished
Elizabeth,
also many other eminent families the name Ireland. The earls Desmond and Kildare were frequently lords deputie and chief governors Ireland, down the reign Elizabeth. The noble family the Geraldines frequently joined the Irish against the English government; hencethey were charged English wri ters having become Irish language and manners, and Hiber nis ipsis Hiberniores, more Irish than the Irish themselves.
Biatachs were order persons very numerous Ireland, ancient times appointed keep houses hospitality, for the
Ireland. branch them were, down the reign earls Desmond, and had immense possessions the
been used for supporting the military their march.
Cork and Kerry. Another branch became barons
Carn Fraoich, tion the O'Conors Tulsk, the county
above mentioned, was the place inaugura kings Connaught, and was situated near Roscommon.
counties
Offaly, earls Kildare, and dukes Leinster. There have been
assembled there, most whom were his friends his own account, well that his father,
for they were both tributaries
entertainment of"travellers and the poor; and the establishments over which they presided had endowments and grants lands for the public use, and free entertainment for all persons who stood
need it; and from these arose the term Ballybiatach, com mon Ireland name for townland, which signified land ap propriated these purposes. early times these appear have
2
of in of
of
to be
of
of
of
in by
at
of
of
of
A of of
of
of
o
a ofof
to
in
in
of
of
in
ofana at
in
ofofatof a
at
a
of
at
he
a ofof
in
in
of
of
it
to
of
of
to a of
its
of
of
inin of . to 2. 1. on
of
of in
in of
as
of
a
of
in
on
of of
of on
as on
of
he
to
at
G of 2
by
heof toofheto
to
as a
of
to
of as
of Ina toof in
of
it
to so of
all
of he
an
or
he ofhe to
by
to
ofin of at
ofofof
of
ofof ofall
in
to
of
he all in
by
to at a
of
of
as
to
44 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1225.
their flocks and property, into the territory of ing, fled into Tyrawley, where they were attacked,
Lieney and Tyrawley, and left the sons of Rode and plundered
their cattle, O'Dowd. the sons Roderick, the resolu
rick, with a small army, who, with what men they could assemble, retired to Kilkelly. ” Hugh, and
the English who aided him, sent the light com panies to plunder the adherents of Roderick's sons, and kept the main army for the purpose of attacking those of their opponents. Hugh, the son of Roderick, Donal O'Flaherty, Tiarnan, son
of Cathal Migarun, and the son of Torlogh, son of
Roderick, went to solicit the aid of some friends.
The English, accompanied by Hugh, son of
Cathal Crovdearg, marched to attack Torlogh,
who, perceiving their intention, commanded his nagh proceeded thither with sureties, seek his inexperienced leaders, namely, Donagh Oge Mac pardon and protection. - Oireachty with his recruits, Flaherty O'Flanagan, The people South Connaught were then
and several other young soldiers, to advance with very unsettled and unhappy condition, for the possible speed before him, while himself English Leinster and Munster, along with Mur
covered the rear; which movement effectually togh O’Brien and the English Desmond, headed executed, and thus they escaped without any loss. the sheriff Cork, marched together into their On the same day, skirmishing party from territory, slew whom they met, and plundered
Hugh O'Conor came with Eachmarcach Mac their farms and towns. Hugh, son Cathal Branan, who, while defending his prey cattle, Crovdearg, was much displeased with them, for was killed by his opponents. coming such expedition, for they had not
Hugh O'Conor, the head the English, come
pursued the sons Roderick, that night, Mee desire
lick, and spent three nights plundering Lieny much the lord justice and his English followers
With respect tion they came
was, that they would separate their forces until the English should quit Hugh
that Donn Mac Oiraghty, and others their chiefs should the country O'Flaherty, their
friend and ally; and that the sons Murtogh O'Conor, and Tiarnan Mac Cathail, should
quest their people and cattle, and sue for peace
their behalf, until the English should separate from the son Cathal Crovdearg. Hugh was then Mayo; and the sons Murtogh Muim
directions; but afterwards made peace with had obtained the wealth Connaught that
O’Hara, and spared the remaining property the
country. Roderick’s sons were, this time, the neighbourhood Lough Mac Feredaidh, Glen
na-Mochart. Hugh advised his English allies plunder the Tuatha Connaught, Siol Murray,
occasion. During that incursion the four sons
Mac Murrogh were slain one place.
was woeful visitation of Providence which
befel the best province Ireland that time, for man spared his neighbour, but took advantage
his misfortunes, and plundered him; and many women, children, and helpless persons among the led the English unfrequented pass through peasantry, perished cold and famine during
and also the clan Tomaltaidh, they had fled. They determined this plan, upon which
those wars.
tighe-in-messaigh, where they commenced plun The sons Murtogh Muimnagh, having pro
the wood Gatlaigh, until they reached Ath
dering Cuil Cearnaidh,' having expelled the ceeded before stated, sue for protection from inhabitants, who fled Dubhchonga, and the Hugh O'Conor, arrived the following day
most whom were drowned, that the pools the river above the fords, which they endeavoured
cross, were found full drowned children; and such them escaped the English, and drown
Kilkelly, the barony Costello, county Mayo.
Cuil Cearnaidh. The places where this warfare occurred, namely, the Tuatha, Siol Murray, and the Clan Tomaltaidhe, were
the county Roscommon. Cuilcarney was district the barony Gallen, county Mayo. The river which thosepersons
Kilmeodhain. ” this place the three English armies formed junction, and the barony was nearly covered with their forces and those the Irish. Hugh O'Flaherty, under protection the
were drowned, supposed have been the Moy. Ath-tighe-in messaigh Attemas, the barony Gallen, county Mayo. Cill Meodhain, now Kilmaine, parish the barony
Kilmaine, county Mayo.
his instigation, but influenced their own plunder the country, hearing how
of
by an on
of
of
in
of
in
4. 3.
to
all
all
of
of in
of as
of
a of
he
in
of
isof to
of all of of of to
5.
is
of no
It
by
on
of a
of of of of on
in
by to of of
by
of
at
of
of
of
of
at
upa
of
of of
on
go
a in;
of
to so
as
at
of
he to in
as
to at
of
at
of
in to of in of
he
at
a on of go
inaAt an toof
to
of
all
to on
in
in
of
in
English nobles, and of Donagh Cairbreach O’Brien, his intercessors, came before Hugh O'Conor and
the lord justice, and entered into terms of peace and protection for his people and property, on
his chief officers and soldiers, for could depend only few the Conacians. He (O'Conor), then delivered into the hands the English, the most distinguished heads his clans guarantee for the payment their tribute, namely, Flaherty O'Flanagan, Fergal O’Teige, and others the chiefs Connaught, who were obliged ran
Donogh Cairbreach O'Brien, having sent before him a party with great booty, Hugh, son of
with sent
As soon marched
his aid.
the solemn ceremony extinguishing candles,
and bound himself never againto oppose him, oncon dition, that (Hugh), should set his (Donogh's),
soldiers, plunder Owen O'Heyne, Hy
Fiachra Aidhne and they encamped for the night Ardrathan. Intelligence was brought
REIGN OF HENRY III. 45
condition that he should expel from his territory
the sons of Roderick. After this, Hugh O'Conor
and his English allies marched to Tuam, where
he dismissed the English of Leinster and of Des som themselves. O'Flaherty, the son Murtogh mond; after which, he himself returned back to (O’Dowd), and the other chiefs, revolted against O'Flaherty, on whose fidelity he did not depend, Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg, after the English for O'Flaherty kept the sons of Roderick and Donn army had departed, and joined the sons
Oge Mac Oiraghty under his protection, on the Roderick. Hugh O'Conor then sent messengers
western side of the lake, (Lough Corrib, in Galway).
At that time Mac Manus parted with the sons
of Roderick (O'Conor), and went into Tyrawley
in quest of his people and cattle, which he for
tunately recovered without loss, and took with
him, under the protection of O’Rourke, who at
that time had plundered Philip Mac Costello. William Cruse, and the sons Griffin, were forth
Roderick, and Owen O'Heyne, who had received
intelligence of intercepted them with small Tochar" westward, and thence proceeded through select party, and having defeated the Munster "the territory Hy-Diarmada, where heard men, recovered the booty, and took some the that the son Roderick then was, with small chiefs hostages. When Donogh Cairbreach force, his friends had not yet come his
(O’Brien), heard these proceedings, came aid. Hugh O'Conor sent his brother, Feidhlim, Hugh, son Roderick, made peace with him, with other chiefs, and large force the English
captive friends liberty. He (Donogh), did not, O'Flaherty, and the sons Murtogh, who
however, adhere his covenant with the son Roderick, after his friends were released, for, on
the next occasion, marched against him with the forces Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg.
After some time Hugh O'Conor and the lord justice arrived the port Inis Creamha," and
were then preparing join the son Roderick,
compelled O'Flaherty surrender into his hands
Inis, Oilean-na-Circe, and all the vessels on the
lake. The lord justice, after this, returned home, forces, Ardrathan, while O'Flaherty, and the being escorted great part his journey by Hugh son Murtogh, remained outside the town with O'Conor, with whom the lord justice left many
Inis Creamha was island the east Lough Corrib, county Galway. Oilean-na-Circe, the Hen's Island, was
another island Lough Corrib, where the O'Flahertys had
castle. The lord justice frequently mentioned this period from the abbey Ballintober, Roscommon, Croagh Patrick, was Richard de Burgo. Mayo.
and letters the lord justice, informing him these circumstances, and requesting him send
him some forces. He was not disappointed, for the English promptly and cheerfully responded the call, and their expedition proved profitable them, for great was their booty, and small their loss. The English Leinster, commanded by
these forces arrived, Hugh O'Conor attack the son Roderick, passed the
that the English had gone
Owen O'Heyne, and were therefore, made delay, but
plunder their ally, Ardrathan; they, with one accord
pursued them, until they came close them. They there held consultation, and resolved first send Tuathal, son Murtogh (O’Dowd), and
Taithleach O’Dowd, with large body their
their troops. Tuathal and Taithleach marched
Tochar signifies road, pass; and the one here mentioned probably the ancient road called Tochar Phadraig, St. Pa
trick's causeway, which traditionally stated have extended
2
6. ,
by to
as
so
an
of in
of
he
at of it,
of at
or
a at
of on of of
a of of
inis to to 7.
of
to as to
to of
to to or
of
he
of
to
at
to
as
of on a
he to
to
of of
he a of
of of
aano; of
of
is to of inor oftoa
a of of
of on
in
to
a he to to to
toof
all
of
as
at to
of
of
of
as of a
of
of
46 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1226.
onward with a strong force, attacked the English these events, destructive plague and fever fol in the town with great courage and animation, and lowed, and devastated Connaught, entire towns made such havoc among them that they were being depopulated, that single living creature
Flan, son Awlave O’Fallon, chief Clan Uadagh,” was slain by Feidlim, son Cathal Crovdearg and Teige O'Feenaghty, the friend Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor, was slain the
totally defeated and put to flight, east and west.
The victors closely pursued them eastward.
Tuathal, in the first encounter, wounded the
English constable or commander, and Taith
leach pierced him a second time, so that he was
left lifeless on the spot. The remainder of the Mac Egans, the aforementioned war.
English who were driven out of the town west
ward were met by O'Flaherty, and the son of
Murtogh (O’Dowd), but, unfortunately, they were
defeated by the English, and Mahon, son of Hugh,
son of Conor of Maonmoy ; Gillcreest Mac Der
mott; Neill, son of Fergal O’Teige, and others,
were slain in the conflict. The person who slew
Niall O’Teige, namely, the brother of Colen
O’Dempsey, was also slain. As to Roderick’s
son, he, O'Flaherty, and their supporters, assem O'Kelly; and both perished the flames.
bled together, and marched on the following day Duarcan O’Hara, Teige O'Hara, and Edaoin, southward, until they arrived at Drom Canannain; daughter Dermod, son Donal O’Hara,
died.
The people Munster and the English made predatory attack Termon Caolainne,” but
the English nobles. Until then there was
peace Connaught, for churches and terri logh More, who was the most celebrated" tanist tories had been plundered and laid waste. After his tribe hospitality, generosity, and magnani
Clan Uadach, district the barony Athlone, county Roscommon, which, according O'Dugan, O'Fallon was chief. O'Fallon had his castle Milltown, the parish Dysart.
Clan Murchadha. This territory lay the county Galway, the borders Roscommon, adjoining Clan Commhaighe,
which the O'Feenaghtys were also chiefs. Clan Conmhaighelay on both sides the river Suck, which flows between the counties Galway and Roscommon, but chiefly the former, and met
Siol Maoilruana the bridge Glinsk, which lay the west the county Roscommon.
10. Termon Caolainne. This was probably Killone, near Ennis, the county Clare, where there was celebrated Augustinian abbey, founded A. D. , 1195, Donald O'Brien, king Limerick,
and sometimes called Clare abbey; perhaps Killanma, the parish Killofin, county Clare, where the ruins ancient
monastery are still seen.
could not be found them. -
Awlave, son Fearcair O’Fallon, the worthiest chief his own clan, died.
Muireagh O’Feenaghty, chief Clan Mur
chadha," died board vessel Lough Oirbsin (Lough Corrib), though perfect health when embarked.
The residence Conor, son Teige O'Kelly (lord Hy Maine), and Ardgal, his brother,
was attacked and set fire the sons Teige
but Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, with his English allies, pursued them.
The supporters of Roderick’s sons now held a council, and resolved that they should return home, which agreed do, except Donn Oge Mac Oiraghty. The other chiefs, however, having left
the royal sons Roderick O'Conor, with whom they left but small force, they proceeded the residence Hugh O’Neill, accompanied Donn Mac Oiraghty. Hugh, son Cathal Crovdearg, then attacked O'Flaherty, and took hostages from him, after which proceeded Kilmaine, and from thence Mayo, pursuit the son Murtogh (O’Dowd), and Tiarnan, son Cathal Migarainn, who made terms, and obtained pro tection for their people and property; and they then made their submission Hugh O'Conor,
the security Donogh Cairbreagh O’Brien, and
they were repulsed with slaughter, through the miracles of God and St. Caolainne.
The corn remained unreaped until after the festival Bridget (the 1st February).
A. D. 1226.
Donum Dei (or Deodatus), bishop Meath, died.
Connmach O’Tappa O'Tarpa), bishop Lieney (Achonry), died.
--
Hugh, son Dun O'Sochlachlain, aircineach Cong, learned scribe, skilled psalmody,
and many arts and sciences, died. Matthew O'Maolmoicherghe died. Tiarnan, son Cathal Migarun, son
-
Tor
of
of
9.
8.
on of
in
in in
all its
of to
of at to
he
to
in
of of
of
of in
of
noon of
of
of of to a
all a of
in
in to
of in
a
of
by to
of
offora St. of of;
ofof in
of
of
of by of
of
of
at
be of of
in of a inso
to
of of
on of
of by or a
on
(or of a
of
on in by
in a on
an of in
of of of
he of
in
of
of of
of
of of
O’Dowd and his sons.
Nuala, daughter of Roderick O'Conor, and
queen of Ulster, died at Cong of St. Feichin, and
was honorably interred there, in the church of the Canons.
Donal, son of Roderick O'Flaherty, was slain by the sons of Murtogh O'Flaherty, after they, together with Feilim, son of Cathal Crovdearg, had taken his house by assault.
Fergal O’Teige, chief of the household of Cathal Crovdearg (O'Conor), and Hugh, son of Cathal,
were slain by Donsleve O'Gara.
Hugh, son of Donal O’Rourke, was slain by
Cathal O’Reilly, aided by Cathal, son of Cormac
O’Mulroony, on Lough Allen (in Leitrim). Maurice Mac Dermott was slain.
the morass where the meeting was to take place, namely, Cormac, son of Tomaltach; Dermod, son of Manus; Manus, son of Murtogh O'Conor; Teige, son of Mahon O’Kerin ; and Roderick
O’Mullrenan, to receive William Marisco, who came thither, accompanied by eight horsemen. O'Conor, remembering their former treachery,
rose in opposition to the English, and incited his party against them; and he himself attacked Wil liam Marisco, and made him prisoner on the spot. The party, thus instigated by O'Conor, obeyed the call, attacked the English, defeated them, and slew the constable of Athlone; they also took prison
ers Master Slemhny and Hugo Ardin. Hugh O'Conor sent those Englishmen to prison beyond
REIGN OF HENRY III. 47
_
mity for a long period, was slain by Donogh Only a chosen few of O'Conor’s party went beyond
Lathach, and then marched with a body of men to The castle of Kilmore (county of Cavan) was Athlone, where he plundered the market-place,
demolished by Cathal O’Reilly.
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg O'Conor, took
Hugh O'Flaherty prisoner, and delivered him into the hands of the English.
A. D. 1227.
Conor, son of Niall O’Catharnaigh, was slain by
the English soldiers of Leinster, who were at the time along with the king of Connaught.
Henry O’Melaghlin, and Murtogh O’Melaghlin (of Meath), were slain by the English.
Malachy O'Conor Faily was slain by Cuilen O'Dempsey.
and burned the entire town. This was a fortunate
circumstance for the Conacians, as many of their sons and daughters,and the hostages of Connaught,
who were detained in bondage by the English, were released in exchange for the above-named English prisoners ; and in addition to this, the
people of Connaught obtained terms of peace. Donslevy O'Gara, lord of Slieve Lugha, was slain by Giolla-roe, his own brother's son, after he (Giolla-roe) had taken his (Donslevy’s) house by assault at night; and Giolla-roe himself was after
wards slain there by order of Hugh O'Conor. Hugh, son of Roderick O'Conor, and Mac William Burke, marched a powerful force into
Giolla Coluim O’Mulloy was slain by O'Moore. North Connaught. They burned Inis Meodhain
The English of Ireland, having assembled in (in Lough Mask, county of Mayo), plundered the Dublin, invited Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg country through which they passed, and took O'Conor, king of Connaught, to a conference, and hostages.
attempted to betray him and keep him prisoner,
but William Mareschal, his friend, arrived with some troops, rescued him in despite of the English, out of the middle of the court-house, and escorted him into Connaught.
Jeoffrey Marisco, and Torlogh, son of Roderick
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, went to Tir connell to O’Donnell, but on his return home with meeting at Lathach Caichtuthbil," with William his wife, the sons of Torlogh (O'Conor), met him
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg, appointed a
Marisco, son of Jeoffrey, lord justice of Ireland. in the neighbourhood of Seaghsa (part of the
. 1. Queen of Ulster. This daughter of king Roderick O'Conor
to have beenthe wife of O'Neill, prince of Tirowen, and king o ster.
1. Lathach, which signifies a morass, appears to have beennear Athlone, on the Commaughtside of the Shannon.
2. Magh Aoi. This plain, and Ruin Duin, both in Roscommon, have been already described in the notes.
O'Conor, marched a force into Moy Aoi,” erected a castle at Rinn-Duin, and took the hostages of Siol Murray.
48 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1228-29.
Curlew mountains), attacked him, and took his Murtogh, son of Flaherty O'Flanagan, was slain horses from him, and also his wife, whom they by the sons of Teige O'Gara.
delivered up as a prisoner into the hands of the English.
Torlogh, and the English of Meath, marched
with another force into West Connaught, where
they committed great depredations on Hugh, the
son of Roderick O'Flaherty. They proceeded
from thence into the territory of Carra (in Mayo),
where they took hostages from the sons of Mur king of Connaught, through the support of the togh ; and they carried away with them a large lord justice and the chiefs of Connaught, thus
usurping the rights of Torlogh, his elder brother.
Malachy, son of Torlogh, son of Roderick O'Conor, was slain by Hugh O'Conor, king of Connaught.
Bryan, son of Conor O’Dermott, was slain.
The castle of Athleague” was built by Jeoffrey consequence of the war between the sons of
number of beeves from every district.
Cumara O’Donnellan was slain in prison by
Roderick Mac Dunslevy, in revenge of his father's death.
Marisco.
Roderick O'Conor. B-oth the churches and the
country were plundered; the clergy and learned
men were exiled into foreign lands; and many persons perished of cold and famine.
A. D. 1229.
The monastery of St. Francis, in Cork, was
founded by Dermod Mac Carthy More.
Muireagh O'Gormley, prior of Inis Mac Nerin,'
the most distinguished man in Connaught for wisdom and piety, died.
Dermod O'Fiaigh, abbot of the church of Giolla Molaisi O’Giollarain, from Tuam, died, and was interred at Ardcarne.
Dermod Mac Giolla Carraigh, aircineach of the house of St. Baoithin, a dignified priest, died, and
Niall, son of Congalach O’Rourke, lord of
Dartry,” and of Clan Fermaighe, was slain by his body having been taken, as by right, by the Art and Awlave, sons of Art, son of Donal canons of that place, from the monks of the monas O'Rourke. Awlave Gearr (the Short), son of tery of Boyle, after it had remained three nights Niall, son of Congalach, was also slain, while unburied, as the monks had endeavoured to retain bathing, by Awlave, son of Art.
Fergal, son of Sitric O’Rourke, was slain by the sons of Niall, son of Congalach O’Rourke.
Hugh, son of Donogh O'Ferrall, was slain by Hugh, son of Awlave O'Ferrall.
David O'Flynn, chief of Siol Maoilruain, and Roderick O'Mulbrenan, died.
Rickard Mac William Burke was sent to Ire land by the king of England, as lord justice.
Hugh, son of Roderick O'Conor, was made
Excessive dearth prevailed in Connaught in
A. D. 1228.
Hugh, son of Cathal Crovdearg O'Conor, king of Connaught, was treacherously slain by the English, in the court of Jeoffrey Marisco, after he had been expelled by the Conacians.
A great war broke out in Connaught between Hugh and Torlogh, sons of Roderick O'Conor,
after the death of the aforementioned Hugh, for the younger brother would not yield submission
to the elder; so that the entire of Connaught lying between Ballysadare and the river of Hy Fiachra,
southward, except a small part of Slieve Lugha,
and the territory of Airtagh,' was laid waste by them.
order of canons for wisdom, died.
3. Athliag. This place was afterwards called Lanesborough ; Clancys were chiefs. Clanfermaighe was another district in
it is partly in Longford and partly in Roscommon.
1. Airtagh, a district belonging to Mac Dermott, in the barony of Boyle, county of Roscommon.
Leitrim. See note on Brefney.
1. Inis-Mac-Nerin, or “ Inchmacnerin, an island in Lough Key. St. Colum founded a noble monastery at Easmacneirc, pro bably the same with Inchmacnerin, over which he placed St.
2. Dartraigh, or Dartry, was an extensive territory in the Mochonna, his disciple. ”—See Weld's Survey of the County of barony of Rossclogher, county of Leitrim, of which the Mac Roscommon.
was buried in the monastery of the Holy Trinity;
it in their own monastery.
Girrard O’Kane, one of the most eminent of the
Cathal Mac Dermott, died a Benedictine nun.
Dermod Mac Carthy, lord of Desmond, died. Dionysius O’Moore, bishop of Siol Muiredhaidh,
(Elphin), resigned his see in honour of God. Loughlin O’Monaghan was slain by his uncle.
A. D. 1230.
Florent O'Carolan, bishop of Tyrone (Derry), a select and dignified sage, died in the eighty-sixth year of his age.
Kiaran, of Clonmacnois; Giolla Cartaigh O'Heil king
REIGN OF HENRY III. 49
Duvesa, daughter of Roderick, and wife of O’Hionmainen, pious monk and chief Master
In this year died Giolla Iosa O'Clery, bishop of
Liemey (Achonry); Joseph Mac Tecedain (or Mac that country; slew Donnog Mac Oireaghty, Teigan), bishop of Conmaicne (Ardagh); Magrath Echtigern, the son the Brehon O’Miomacain, Mac Geoffrey, bishop of Conmaicne; Rool (Ralph) and several others; also, along with the Petit, bishop of Meath, a select ruler, and soldier English, banished Hugh, son Roderick, king of Christ; Giolla Covdea O’Duilenmain, the coarb Connaught, for having opposed them, and and abbot of the church of Canons at Eass–dara
Arts the monastery Boyle.
Malachy Mac Firedin, dignified priest and
learned lecturer, died noviciate monk the monastery Boyle.
O'Donnell (Donal More), marched with his forces into Connaught against Hugh, son Roderick O'Conor, whom attacked, and plun dered Moy Aoi, with many parts the country, but he did not reduce the sons of Roderick submission.
Mac William Burke marched with his forces into Connaught, and plundered large portion
O'Conor being forced Hugh O'Neill, (Ballysadare); Maolmuire O'Malone, coarb of St. Felim, son Cathal Crovdearg, was appointed
giusan, a canon and anchorite ; and Dunslevey
A. D. 1230.
1. Tir Eogain and Tir Conaill. These ancient aud extensive territories comprised the present counties of Tyrone, Derry, and
Donegal; and a full account of them will be necessary, as they are constantly mentioned throughout these Annals, as connected with very important events.
I. Tir Eogain. This territory comprised the present counties of Tyrone and Derry, with a large portion of Donegal, between Lough Foyle and Lough Swilly, namely, the peninsula of Inisowen, and the greater part of the barony of Raphoe. It is connected with some of the earliest events in Irish history. We find, for instance, in Keating and O'Flaherty, that in the reign of Tigearumas, who was monarch of Ireland about nine centuries before the Christian era, the lake now called Lough Foyle suddenly burst forth and overflowed the adjoining plain, which was called Magh Fuinsidhe. This lake, mentioned in the Annals of the Four Masters, and in O'Flaherty, as Loch Feabhail Mic Lodain, that the Lake Feval, son Lodan, obtained its name from Feval, son
Lodan, one the Tuath-De-Danan chiefs, who was drowned its waves. this territory, on high hill moun
tain, called Grianan, the eastern shore Lough Swilly, south Inch Island, was situated the celebrated fortress called the Grianan Aileach, from Grianan, palace royal residence, and Aileach Oileach, which signifies stone fortress. was also called Aileach Neid, having derived its name, according O'Flaherty, from Neid, one the Tuath-De-Daman princes (see Ogygia, II. 28). This fortress was for many ages the seat
the ancient kings Ulster. was built circular form great stones without cement, and was immense strength,
that style denominated Cyclopean architecture, and some extensive ruins remain this day. This fortress, according the Annals the Four Masters, was taken and plundered,
937, the Danes, which occasion they took prisoner Muir cheartach O'Neill, then the celebrated prince Aileach, who, however, was soon afterwards released. 1101, Murtogh O’Brien, king Munster, with powerful force, invaded Ulster, marched Easroe (Ballyshannon), proceeded Inisowen, and took the fortress Aileach, which totally demolished, revenge the destruction the palace Kincora, the royal seat the kings
Mac William Burke.
Hugh O’Neill, lord Tir Eogain,' heir
Munster Clare, by Donal Mac Loughlin, king Ulster,
1088. This palace Aileach supposed have been the Regia Ptolemy, the celebrated Greek geographer, the second cen tury, and the river marked Argita his Map Ireland, con
sidered have been the Finn, which the chief branch the Foyle river. The territory surrounding the fortress Aileach,
obtained the name Moy Aileach, the Plain Elagh.
Tir Eogain obtained name from Eogan, Owen, one
the sons Niall the Nine Hostages, monarch Ireland, who conquered this territory the beginning the fifth century, and
its
hence its name, Tir Eogain, anglicised into Tiroen, Tyrone.
was taken from the old pos sessors the race Ir, Clanna Rory, its sovereignty was transferred the race of Heremon. From the circumstance of its
being possessed the descendants Eogan, called Cinel Eogain, Kinel Owen, the territory also obtained the name Kinel Owen. According the Books Leacan and Ballymote, and other authorities, this territory was divided between the ten sons Eogan, whose descendants gave names the various districts.
the note the kingdom Meath, has been stated that the Hy Nialls, the descendants the monarch Niall the Hos tages, were divided into two great branches, namely, the Southern and Northern. The southern Hy Nialls, already explained, were kings Meath, and many them monarchs Ireland. The northern Hy Nialls, which there were two great branches, namely, the race Eogan, who were princes Tyrone, and the race Conall, who were princes Tirconnell, also furnished many monarchs Ireland; but the descendants Eogan were the most celebrated all the Milesian clans; and them, great many were kings Ulster, and, according O'Flaherty, sixteen were also monarchs Ireland. The race Eogan took the name
O'Neill the tenth century, from Niall Glundubh, monarch Ireland, who was killed great battle with the Danes, near Dublin, A. D. 919. branch the O'Neills took the name O'Loughlin, and Mac Loughlin, from Loughlin, one their ancient chiefs. the Annals, during the eleventh and twelfth centuries, several princes and kings Ulster the Mac Loughlins are mentioned; and some them were also monarchs Ireland;
H
this country Eogan, when
the country Owen, afterwards consequence the conquest
of
he a
of
of in of
A.
