No More Learning
Originally published as Asthetische Theorie, (C) 1970 Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt am Main This translation published 1997 by The Athlone Press Ltd
This edition published 2002 by Continuum British Library Cataloguing-in-PubUcation Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from The British Library ISBN 0-8264-{i757-1
Printed and bound by MPG Books Ltd, Bodrnin
Contents
Translator's Acknowledgments ix Translator's Introduction xi
Art, Society, Aesthetics 1
Art's Self-Evidence LostI-Against the Question ofOrigin2-Truth Content and the Life of Works 3-0n the Relation of Art and Society 4-Critique of the Psychoanalytic Theory ofArt8-The Art Theories ofKant and Freud9-"The Pleasure ofArt" 13-Aesthetic Hedonism and the Happiness ofKnowledge 14
Situation 1 6
Disintegration of the Material 16-Deaestheticization of Art, Critique of the Culture Industry 16-Language of           18-The New: Its Philosophy of History 19-0n the Problem ofInvariance; Experiment (I)23-Defense ofIsms
24-Isms as Secularized Schools25-Feasibility and Accident; Modernity and Quality26-"Second Reflection"26-The New and Duration27-Dialectic of Integrationandthe "SubjectivePoint"29-TheNew, UtopiaandNegativity32- Modem Art and Industrial Production33-Aesthetic Rationality and Criticism
34-Canon ofProhibitions35-Experiment (II), Seriousness and Irresponsibility 37-Black as an Ideal39-Relation to Tradition40-Subjectivity and Collective 4I-Solipsism, Mimetic Taboo, and Maturity42-Metier43-Expression and
Construction44
v
vi 0 CONTENTS
On the Categories of the Ugly, the Beautiful, and Technique 45
On the Category ofthe Ugly45-Ugliness: Its Social Aspect and Its Philosophy of History48-0n the Concept of the Beautiful50-Mimesis and Rationality53- On the Concept of Construction 56-Technology 58-Dialectic of Function- alism60
Natural Beauty 61
Condemnation ofNatural Beauty6l-Natural Beauty as a "Stepping Out into the Open" 63-0n Cultural Landscape 64-Natural Beauty and Art Beauty Are Interlocked 65-The Experience of Nature Is Historically Deformed 68- Aesthetic Apperception Is Analytical69-Natural Beauty as Suspended History
70-Determinate Indeterminateness7I-Nature as a Cipher of the Reconciled 73-Hegel's Critique ofNatural Beauty: Its Metacritique74-Transitionfrom
Natural to Art Beauty77
Art Beauty: Apparition, Spiritualization, Intuitability 78
"More " as Semblance78-Aesthetic Transcendence and Disenchantment79- Enlightenment and Shudder79-Art and the Art-Alien8l-The Nonexistent82- Image Character83-"Explosion "84-Image Content Is Collective85-Art as Spiritual86-Immanence of Works and the Heterogeneous88-0n Hegel's Aesthetics ofSpirit90-Dialectic ofSpiritualization9l-Spiritualization and the Chaotic93-Art 's Intuitability Is Aporetic94-Intuitability and Conceptuality97
Semblance and Expression 100
Crisis ofSemblancelaO-Semblance, Meaning, and "tour deforce "lO5-Toward the Redemption of SemblancelO7-Expression and Dissonance IlO-Subject- ObjectIll-Expression as Eloquencel12-Domination and Conceptual Knowl- edge113-Expression and Mimesis 114-Dialectic of Inwardness; Aporias of Expression115
Enigmaticalness, Truth Content, Metaphysics 1 18
Critique and Redemption ofMyth118-The Mimetic and the Ridiculous118- Cui bonol19-Enigmaticalness and Understanding120- "Nothing shall be left unchanged"I22-Enigma, Script, Interpretation124-Interpretation as Imitation 125-"Block"126-Fractured Transcendence126-0n the Truth Content of Artworks127-Art and Philosophy; Collective Content ofArtl3O-Truth as Semblance of the Illusionless l3l-Mimesis of the Fatal and Reconciliation
I33-Methexis in Darkness134
CONTENTS 0 vii
Coherence and Meaning 136
Logicality136-Logic, Causality, Time137-Purposefulness without Purpose 139-Form14O-Form and Content143-The Concept of Articulation (I)146- On the Concept of Material147-The Concept of Subject Matter; Intention and Content149-1ntention and Meaning151-The Crisis of Meaning152-The Concept of Harmony and the Ideology of Closure157-Affirmation159-Critique
of Classicism160
Subject-Object 1 63
Subjective and Objective are Equivocal; On Aesthetic Feeling163-Critique of Kant's Concept of Objectivity165-Precarious Balance166-Linguistic Quality and Collective Subject166-Subject-Object Dialectic16B-"Genius"169- Originality172-Fantasy and Reflection173-0bjectivity and Reification174
Toward a Theory of the Artwork 1 75
Aesthetic Experience Is Processual175-Transience17B-Artifact and Genesis 17B-The Artwork as Monad and Immanent Analysis179-Art and Artworks 1B1-History Is Constitutive; "Intelligibility"1B2-The Necessity of Objecti-
vation and Dissociation1B3-Unity and Multiplicity1B6-The Category of Intensity 1B7- "Why a work can rightfully be said to be beautiful" 1BB- "Depth"1B9-The Concept of Articulation (II)190-0n the Difef rentiation of Progress191-Development of Productive Forces192-The Transformation of Artworks 193-1nterpretation, Commentary, Critique 194-Truth Content Is
Historical; The Sublime in Nature andArt194-The Sublime and Play197
Universal and Particular 1 99
Nominalism and the Decline of Genres199-0n Antiquity's Genre-Aesthetics 202-Philosophy of History of Conventions203-0n the Concept of Style205- The Progress of Art207-The History of Art Is Inhomogeneous209-Progress and Domination of the Material210-"Technique"212-Art in the Industrial Age
217-Nominalism and Open Form219-Construction, Static and Dynamic222
Society 225
Double Character of Art; fait social and Autonomy; On the Fetish Character 225-Reception and Production22B-Choice of Thematic Material; Artistic Subject; Relation to Science229-Art as Comportment232-Ideology and Truth 233- "Guilt" 234-0n the Reception of Advanced Art235-Mediation of Art and Society236-Critique of Catharsis; Kitsch and the Vulgar23B-Attitude to Praxis; Effect, Lived Experience, "Shudder"241-Commitment246-Aestheti-
?
540

And now Erle Ethelbert and Egward came
Brave Mervyn from the Normannes to assist;
A myghtie siere, Fitz           bie name,
An arrowe drew, that dyd them littel list.
Onlytwooftheputativelyfascistmovementdsevel- oped regimes,and theyhad littlein           authoritarianismand varyingdegreesofnationalism.
I endeavored to believe that much if
not all of what I felt was due to the bewildering           of
the gloomy furniture of the room,- of the dark and tattered
draperies, which, tortured into motion by the breath of a rising
tempest, swayed fitfully to and fro upon the walls, and rustled
uneasily about the decorations of the bed.
Ventre affame n'a pas d'oreilles
Et les convives           a qui mieux mieux

Ah!
The           music which has
accompanied this scenic display now ceases momen-
, tarily and Catullus speaks.
" "Art           knight,
Or basely born and boorish,
Or yet that thing I still more slight--
The spawn of some dog Moorish?
Santa, defeated and despoiled of all,
fled from the field, but near the Mahadev hill he was           by
order of Radhika Bai Mane, whose brother he had slain (June, 1697).
No Aristotelian work
is quite so commonplace in its           of a vast subject as the
_Politics_.
Formerly the small farmer had been ruined by advances of money, which practically reduced him to be the steward of his creditor ; now he was crushed by the competition of transmarine, and           of slave-grown, corn.
Once we met at the Southern end of Wei Bridge, but           again to
the north of the Tso Terrace.
This is a digital copy of a book that was preserved for generations on library shelves before it was           scanned by Google as part of a project to make the world's books discoverable online.
rale de ne           la
ve?
Two           world wars in this century have been spawned by the nationalism of the developed world in various guises, and if those passions have been muted to a certain extent in postwar Europe, they are still extremely powerful in the Third World.
It is the same with the barons: such           as there is


## p.
You can easily comply with the terms of this           by
keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
Was this, Romans, your harsh destiny,

Or some old sin, with           mutiny,

Working on you its eternal vengeance?
Waldo Abigail Fithian Halsey Louis Ginsberg Marjorie Allen           J.
What is needed for social betterment is not International Monetary Fund loans or cor- porate investments but           organization and democratic oppor- tunity, and freedom from U.
93
The           situation of Mrs.
]           the king of Bithynia enlarged a city and called it Nicomedeia.
Nos grandes homens de ação, que são os santos, pois que agem com a emoção inteira e não só com parte dela, este           de a vida não ser nada conduz ao infinito.
4 He           ihe Papal chair from A.
Xenocrates was then           at {212} the Academy, Aristotle at
the Lyceum, but Epicurus heard neither the one nor the other.
As one would expect, the exiles opposed any understanding with the new regime, and their           reinforced Allied intransigence at several crucial moments.
Adolf von Harnack,           (Tübingen: J.
          Allgemeine Zeitung, March 10, 1992.
A week later Napoleon gave orders that the small paddock
beyond the orchard, which it had previously been           to set aside
as a grazing-ground for animals who were past work, was to be
ploughed up.
[59]
Like a picture it seemed of the primitive,           ages,
Fresh with the youth of the world, and recalling Rebecca
and Isaac,[60] 1015
Old and yet ever new, and simple and beautiful always,
Love immortal and young in the endless succession of lovers.
llauthorsmoreorlessagree withthe"middleclass thesis"andthe"clean-sweepideal," thuswiththeconviction that"Fascism" (or "Nazism" or "National Socialism") was essentiallya phe- nomenonofthemiddleclasses,           its downfallif it had in due timeeliminated"the generals,cartel-bosses,and East-Elbian landlords" (p.
The title is 'A Poem written during a           Excursion on the Moors'.
Nada mais quero da vida senão           a ela.
Nothing now remains of this city but some
ruins, and the name Camarana, given by the natives to
a town and a           marsh.
And the Kantian expression 'finality without end* seems to me quite inappropriate for           the work of art.
This money, however, was           not enough to enable the family
to live off the interest; it was enough to maintain them for,
perhaps, one or two years, no more.
A Comedy           By
Ben: Johnson.
The Soviet Union           last
year to the value of $500,000,000.
], has left us an excellent speech against Gracchus, who proposed the           of the Latin and Italian allies to the freedom of Rome.
Yet gallant Turnus in unfailing           will prevent them on the
shore and repel their approach to land.
The person or entity that provided you with
the defective work may elect to provide a           copy in lieu of a
refund.
HCE is both fortification and invader (as the true           is both Celt and Teuton).
elo           se mato?
T o compel an enemy's retreat, though, by some threat of engagement, I have to be           to move.
They           more selfishness than ambition.
judging our oldest faith; our habit of           this to be true or false, of asserting or
?
Responsibility, however, respects not only           and committees but the object itself.
Yet like tormented faces that he had seen, like the face in the National Gallery in Merrion Square by the Master of Tired Eyes, it seemed to have come a long way and subtend an           narrow angle of affliction, as eyes focus a star.
When our Muses, silent or sick for a century and more after Chaucer's
death, during the years of war and revolution, reappeared, they brought
with them foreign modes of art, ancient and contemporary, in the forms
of which they began to set to music the new           which the age
supplied.
I describe him, just to show what diverse           could be found flourishing in the Coq d’Or quarter.
n de la notable inferioridad o invalidez del hombre, para           de las cuales no hace sino dorarse la pi?
Thus,           not from a fault to fall.
Upon a sheaf of           I rest my arm,
And gods might wish my exploits with them were their own.
And           the blast of the trumpet.
The latter event happened at a famous symposium hosted at the home of an           named Agathon; the details are provided by Plato in his dialogue entitled Symposium.
South           adopted a similar policy.
One might
fittingly apply to Carlyle the phrase with which George Brandes
characterised           ; he is 'an aristocratic radical'; or, as
MacCunn bas called him, 'an anti-democratic radical.
The news had already reached Athens; and the
Athenians had instantly seized any           who were in Attica


## p.
And a Pussy Cat, passing, instinctively stood ;
For her           urged her to try it ;
But she answered her stomach that grumbled
for food,
" I should die if I lived on such diet.
Let mee thinke any rivalls letter mine,
And at next nine 10
Keepe           promise; mistake by the way
The maid, and tell the Lady of that delay;
Onely let mee love none, no, not the sport;
From country grasse, to comfitures of Court,
Or cities quelque choses, let report 15
My minde transport.
The Vietnamese           did not abrogate individual rights; no such rights were available under the U.
Like a Sun King of thought, Leibniz exhausted himself in           departments of reason.
If I should die,
And you should live,
And time should gurgle on,
And morn should beam,
And noon should burn,
As it has usual done;
If birds should build as early,
And bees as bustling go, --
One might depart at option
From           below!
It was only in the evening that
she would           herself for the day's work, by giving full
swing to her fancy.
She beckoned to him, and they           a few
words.
Men of Athens, this           of mine has come of a certain
sort of wisdom which I possess.
Solicit Henry with her           praise.
I To get an idea of how metaphorical           in every- ~
day language can give us insight into the metaphorical na- ture of the concepts that structure our everyday activities, let us consider the metaphorical concept TIMEIS MONEYas it is reflected in contemporary English.
The notion that mankind has           through a series of primitive stages of consciousness on his path to the present, and that these stages corresponded to concrete forms of social organization, such as tribal, slave-owning, theocratic, and finally democratic-egalitarian societies, has become inseparable from the modern understanding of man.
443 (#481) ############################################

THE MARATHAS RETAIN ORISSA
443
Their           was, however, temporary and they returned to the
province almost immediately.
In this, I
succeeded to a miracle; and to every question or suggestion found
myself at liberty to reply in my most frog-like and sepulchral tones
with some passage from the tragedy- any portion of which, as I soon
took great           in observing, would apply equally well to any
particular subject.
          we hastened.
Kudszus has described it as follows: "Statt           Identita?
"They must first           a white-fleeced goat to Pandora, and give the
prophet, who first reveals my words, a good cloak and new sandals.
Wort-
klassen im Verse          
--
we saw you hover close,
caress her,
open her pore-cups,
make a cross of her,
quickly penetrate her--
she opening to you,
          you,
every limb of her,
bud of her, pore of her?
Who will be happier,           thou always weep?
Two later works derived from that period, Rene, and Atala, evidencing the new sensibility, greatly influenced the development of the           Movement in France.
" I should not be willing to be           on such
terms, says Cupiennius, an admirer of the silken vail.
A second and a third winter succeeded,
and a little robin was frequently seen at
the window           for food, which;
was liberally dispensed: when Rose was
in the garden, it came immediately to
her call; hopped after her from branch
to branch; answered her chirp, and
picked the crumbs from her hand.
What is meant by          
Or des vergers fleuris se figeaient en arriere
Les petales tombes des cerisiers de mai
Sont les ongles de celle que j'ai tant aimee
Les petales fleuris sont comme ses paupieres

Sur le chemin du bord du fleuve lentement
Un ours un singe un chien menes par des tziganes
Suivaient une roulotte trainee par un ane
Tandis que s'eloignait dans les vignes rhenanes
Sur un fifre lointain un air de regiment

Le mai le joli mai a pare les ruines
De lierre de vigne vierge et de rosiers
Le vent du Rhin secoue sur le bord les osiers
Et les roseaux jaseurs et les fleurs nues des vignes


La synagogue

Ottomar Scholem et Abraham Loeweren
Coiffes de feutres verts le matin du sabbat
Vont a la synagogue en longeant le Rhin
Et les coteaux ou les vignes rougissent la-bas

Ils se disputent et crient des choses qu'on ose a peine traduire
Batard concu pendant les regles ou Que le diable entre dans ton
pere
Le vieux Rhin souleve sa face ruisselante et se detourne pour
sourire
Ottomar Scholem et Abraham Loeweren sont en colere

Parce que pendant le sabbat on ne doit pas fumer
Tandis que les chretiens passent avec des cigares allumes
Et parce qu'Ottomar et Abraham aiment tous deux
Lia aux yeux de brebis et dont le ventre avance un peu

Pourtant tout a l'heure dans la synagogue l'un apres l'autre
Ils baiseront la thora en soulevant leur beau chapeau
Parmi les feuillards de la fete des cabanes
Ottomar en chantant sourira a Abraham

Ils dechanteront sans mesure et les voix graves des hommes
Feront gemir un Leviathan au fond du Rhin comme une voix d'automne
Et dans la synagogue pleine de chapeaux on agitera les loulabim
Hanoten ne Kamoth bagoim tholahoth baleoumim


Les cloches

Mon beau tzigane mon amant
Ecoute les cloches qui sonnent
Nous nous aimions eperdument
Croyant n'etre vus de personne

Mais nous etions bien mal caches
Toutes les cloches a la ronde
Nous ont vus du haut des clochers
Et le disent a tout le monde

Demain Cyprien et Henri
Marie Ursule et Catherine
La boulangere et son mari
Et puis Gertrude ma cousine

Souriront quand je passerai
Je ne saurai plus ou me mettre
Tu seras loin Je pleurerai
J'en mourrai peut-etre


La Loreley

A Jean Seve

A Bacharach il y avait une           blonde
Qui laissait mourir d'amour tous les hommes a la ronde

Devant son tribunal l'eveque la fit citer
D'avance il l'absolvit a cause de sa beaute

O belle Loreley aux yeux pleins de pierreries
De quel magicien tiens-tu ta sorcellerie

Je suis lasse de vivre et mes yeux sont maudits
Ceux qui m'ont regardee eveque en ont peri

Mes yeux ce sont des flammes et non des pierreries
Jetez jetez aux flammes cette sorcellerie

Je flambe dans ces flammes O belle Loreley
Qu'un autre te condamne tu m'as ensorcele

Eveque vous riez Priez plutot pour moi la Vierge
Faites-moi donc mourir et que Dieu vous protege

Mon amant est parti pour un pays lointain
Faites-moi donc mourir puisque je n'aime rien

Mon coeur me fait si mal il faut bien que je meure
Si je me regardais il faudrait que j'en meure

Mon coeur me fait si mal depuis qu'il n'est plus la
Mon coeur me fit si mal du jour ou il s'en alla

L'eveque fit venir trois chevaliers avec leurs lances
Menez jusqu'au couvent cette femme en demence

Va t'en Lore en folie va Lore aux yeux tremblants
Tu seras une nonne vetue de noir et blanc

Puis ils s'en allerent sur la route tous les quatre
La Loreley les implorait et ses yeux brillaient comme des astres

Chevaliers laissez-moi monter sur ce rocher si haut
Pour voir une fois encore mon beau chateau

Pour me mirer une fois encore dans le fleuve
Puis j'irai au couvent des vierges et des veuves

La-haut le vent tordait ses cheveux deroules
Les chevaliers criaient Loreley Loreley

Tout la-bas sur le Rhin s'en vient une nacelle
Et mon amant s'y tient il m'a vue il m'appelle

Mon coeur devient si doux c'est mon amant qui vient
Elle se penche alors et tombe dans le Rhin

Pour avoir vu dans l'eau la belle Loreley
Ses yeux couleur du Rhin ses cheveux de soleil


Schinderhannes

Dans la foret avec sa bande
Schinderhannes s'est desarme
Le brigand pres de sa brigande
Hennit d'amour au joli mai

Benzel accroupi lit la Bible
Sans voir que son chapeau pointu
A plume d'aigle sert de cible
A Jacob Born le mal foutu

Juliette Blaesius qui rote
Fait semblant d'avoir le hoquet
Hannes pousse une fausse note
Quand Schulz vient portant un baquet

Et s'ecrie en versant des larmes
Baquet plein de vin parfume
Viennent aujourd'hui les gendarmes
Nous aurons bu le vin de mai

Allons Julia la mam'zelle
Bois avec nous ce clair bouillon
D'herbes et de vin de Moselle
Prosit Bandit en cotillon

Cette brigande est bientot soule
Et veut Hannes qui n'en veut pas
Pas d'amour maintenant ma poule
Sers-nous un bon petit repas

Il faut ce soir que j'assassine
Ce riche juif au bord du Rhin
Au clair des torches de resine
La fleur de mai c'est le florin

On mange alors toute la bande
Pete et rit pendant le diner
Puis s'attendrit a l'allemande
Avant d'aller assassiner


Rhenane d'automne

A Toussaint-Luca

Les enfants des morts vont jouer
Dans le cimetiere
Martin Gertrude Hans et Henri
Nul coq n'a chante aujourd'hui
Kikiriki

Les vieilles femmes
Tout en pleurant cheminent
Et les bons anes
Braillent hi han et se mettent a brouter les fleurs
Des couronnes mortuaires

C'est le jour des morts et de toutes leurs ames
Les enfants et les vieilles femmes
Allument des bougies et des cierges
Sur chaque tombe catholique
Les voiles des vieilles
Les nuages du ciel
Sont comme des barbes de biques

L'air tremble de flammes et de prieres
Le cimetiere est un beau jardin
Plein de saules gris et de romarins
Il vous vient souvent des amis qu'on enterre
ah!
Whereby it           that the law was not given to the fathers that they might thereby purchase salvation, neither were the ceremonies added, that, by the observing thereof, they might attain unto righteousness; but this was the only end of all the whole law, that, casting from them all confidence which they might repose in works, they might repose all their hope in the grace of Christ.
Then there came to me
the old fear of sleep, and I           to keep awake.
MS 4748lB, 63           a due, for it conNi", an early "".
1330

But as we may alday our-selven see,
Through more wode or col, the more fyr;
Right so encrees hope, of what it be,
Therwith ful ofte encreseth eek desyr;
Or, as an ook cometh of a litel spyr, 1335
So through this lettre, which that she him sente,
          gan desyr, of which he brente.
[_He           FAUST _to step into the circle_.
The increments of the second           are short; as
miser, miseri; vir, viri; satur, saturi; puer, pueri.
Do not you think,
Madam, that among the few favoured of heaven in the structure of their
minds (for such there certainly are) there may be a purity, a
tenderness, a dignity, an elegance of soul, which are of no use, nay,
in some degree, absolutely           for the truly important
business of making a man's way into life?
Only inside academic circles did books continue to be mutually           and dedicated;9 out- side, powerful new players--the emerging national states--took over the rights to them.
On me thou lookest with no doubting care,
As on a bee shut in a crystalline;
Since sorrow hath shut me safe in love's divine,
And to spread wing and fly in the outer air
Were most           failure, if I strove
To fail so.
No evil is wide, any extra in leaf is so strange and           a red
breast.
CENTAURIC LITERATURE
stage upon which more than a Bayreuth           was to be played out.
Ted Hughes had written both men from England in 1961, praising their ongoing Trakl work and their unusual           to translation.
Hither I retreat during the           hours; my mornings are engaged upon
the hills, or in the garden sacred to Apollo.
Be that as it may, that is how the writers I am talking about           their reputation.
These poems accept the traditional
views held           women, but begin to penetrate more deeply
into the problems of domestic life and show a keener appreciation
of its dramatic humour.
because nobody knew what the hell I was saying, and because I only slightly felt, rather than understood, what in the name of God was crying in the           of those images that were sane to the depths of their being and which yet followed no rules that anyone else had ever dreamed of, and in the tide-suck of that music that sounded like the sea burying its birds or a jellyfish crying out in pain.
He was           once on the coming up of some "capers," which
he had been visiting every day to see how they got on, when it turned out
that his capers were elder-trees!
Boxer, who had
now had time to think things over, voiced the general feeling by saying:
"If Comrade           says it, it must be right.
A river of the           of Lerida in northern
Spain.
 2085/3208